Research On The Retirement Pension System In The Universities Of China

Teachers of public universities in our country generally have signed labor contracts implementing the employment system. The identity of teacher’s changes from the "specialized personnel" to "contractual individual", which means that after the end of the contract teacher’s identity is a free social being and teachers no longer have any authority-responsibility relationships with school. However, university retirement pension system still remaining in the planned economy era treats retired teachers as "specialized personnel", responsible for their retirement pension payment and take the responsibility which should be borne by society. This system is imperfect and its unclear responsibilities phenomenon leads to the school’s costs increased year by year and impacts the school’s performance.According to the data analysis of A university, we find that the pension expenditure, pensions subsidized by state financial subsidy and school financial allocations have increased year by year. Universities retirement pension system in the implementation process also brought some adverse impact on schools, specifically in the unequal phenomenon between groups of young teachers fulfilling their obligations of paying the money and veteran teachers in enjoying pension. Because there is no free-flowing personal retirement pension account, middle-aged teachers are obstructed when they leave for another organization.The cause of this system is due to the existence of traditional incomplete contract "identity", prevalent management of treating teacher as a "cadre" of a university, the single pension funding, backward capital operation and small capital participation of society. The two-track retirement pension system of enterprises and institutions in the implementation process has also brought some negative effects; for example, it is not conducive to social justice, to play a role in mutual assistance and to unified management. Meanwhile, retired teachers owing cadre status are important resources of the school and will also affect resource allocation decisions. Some retired teachers might use their particular identity and the current situation of the pension system to propose additional benefits, resulting in economic impact on the school.Therefore, in order to improve the utilization efficiency of university educational resources, and improve the quality of life for future retired teachers, university reform of the pension system could do the following things:(1) At the macro level, the state should establish a sound legal system of retirement pension, changing the relationship between the retired teachers and the school from affiliation to a mutual non-accrual "post-contractual individual" relationship;(2) At the intermediate level, the government should follow the guiding principles, the principle of balanced principles, unified rights and obligation principles and progressive institutional change principles;(3) Involving in personal pension accounts, the micro-level, establishment of the state-funded pensions, teachers-funded individual account pension and occupational pension funded by schools constitute the "three pillars" of retirement pension system model. So, we can lower school pension burden, protecting the legitimate interests of teachers and improve the living standards of retired teachers in the furture.