Study On The Scientific And Technological Innovation Mechanism Of Sweden Based On The Perspectives Of Income Distribution

The purpose of this article is to provide some useful suggestions that how wedevelop an innovative country by analyzing the mechanism that how the Swedishnational income distribution have positive effects on the scientific and technologicalinnovation. First, by drawing on the theory of innovation economics, as well as thenational innovation system, the paper has summed up the four fundamental elementsof national innovation system, namely innovative talents, innovative subjects,innovation systems and innovation environment. Each of them interact and influenceeach other, innovative talent is the key element in a country’s innovation system andinnovation activities of the talent can not be separated from innovation and the mainplatform and carrier. Moreover, both are not isolated by the influence of the externalenvironment, and with the guide of government’s policy, a favorable innovativeenvironment will be created, and the innovation activities will be stimulated in turn.Second, this paper makes a brief analysis of the income distribution system inSweden, including the initial distribution and redistribution. Benefits from its uniquemechanism of wage negotiations, the tax system and the transfer payment system,Sweden’s Gini coefficient has kept stable at0.25levels, and becomes one of thesmallest income distribution gap countries in the world.Third, this article makes a detail description about the scientific andtechnological innovation in Sweden. Combining with the <<2011Global InnovationIndex>>,which refers to seven factors, namely the system of human capital andresearch infrastructure, market sophistication, business sophistication, scientificoutput and technological output, we can conclude the following three majorcharacteristics of the existing scientific and technological innovation mechanism inSweden:(1) high intensity of R&D expenses;(2) Construction of the environmentfor innovation in support of the Government;(3) the effective and innovativeachievements mechanism.Then, after analyzing the Sweden’s income distribution and technologicalinnovation mechanism separately, the paper focuses on a question that how theSwedish income distribution system have positive effect on its scientific andtechnological innovation. We can conclude the following two points:(1) Sweden’sfirst-class scientific and technological innovation is the results of the organiccombination of different institutions, government and individual. Benefit from the "regional effect", the Sweden’s scientific and technological innovation boost in recentyears, the income distribution system, such as tax policies and transfer paymentsystem have an effective incentive to the innovative subjects, and thus to enhanceinnovation in Sweden capacity;(2) innovative talents, innovation subjects, innovationsystems and innovation environment have closely related to each other through theincome distribution system. The public expense on education, and the policy about taxrelief stimulate the main innovation activities effectively. Moreover, they areconducive to the formation of favorable environment for innovation, and a favorableenvironment for innovation can be better stimulate the development of a country’sinnovation in turn. Finally, this paper put forward some favorable recommendationsfor the construction and development of innovative country combining with thepractical experience..