Economic History Of Mongolian Yuan Dynasty

In the long history of five thousand years, Yuan Empire was the first regime that dominates the country by the northern ethnic minorities. Its territory is much more than that in Qin, Han, Sui, Tang and other dynasties created by Han. Since Genghis Khan, Mongolian has a sword and bloody price in exchange for completion of the great cause of reunification. In the13th century, China has finally bid farewell to the turbulent times of chaos separatist and North-South confrontation, and a new era of unity and peace become true. Mongolian contributed a lot to Chinese history. The great unification of the Yuan Dynasty has laid the foundation of China’s territory today. Tubo was under the administrative jurisdiction of China the first time in history, which is of great importance to the governance of today’s Tibet region.Generations who had lived in the desert alpine grassland took the grassland animal husbandry as the main production activities, and Mongolian’s nomadic culture is very different from the Central Plains farming civilization. After Mongolian entering Central Plains, Kublai Khan used Han’s rule of law to administer Han, which minimized the collision and friction of two civilizations. He instituted irrigation and other activities to restore the Han agricultural production, making the economy of Central Plains went back to pre-war levels basically. He set up the Central Secretariat, the Privy Council and Imperial Chinese-style bureaucracy, generally retained the original southern land tax system, and maintained a more advanced local economic structure and production methods. The economic prosperity in early Yuan Dynasty matters with Mongolian absorbs and applies Chinese law governing the country. And Kublai Khan was one of the most active and positive Mongolian rulers in absorbing Chinese rules and strengthening centralization.Mongolian’s economy was constituted by the production and business activities in desert grassland as well as the royal’s operational activities to national economic management. The ruling nation’s economy has a crucial role for the Mongolian economy, providing a stable source of supplies to the economic prosperity of the Mongolian headquarters. The establishment of the single currency and circulation has laid stable revenue in the Central Plains and the southern region, supporting the operation of the various aspects of the state apparatus.Mongolian is nomadic with deep-rooted prairie possessions standard system, in accordance with the customs of the Mongolian noble family property distribution, Tai Yuen Empire is the common property of the Gold family, so Khan shall land and people packet to the kings and nobles. From the beginning of the founding of the dynasty, Yuan had both the feudal lord system and centralized bureaucratic system. A large number of "Mongolian old systems" involved to the cases of King privileged interests, and was retained in the core part of the Yuan Dynasty political economic policies, making the state system showing binary characteristics. And the Yuan Dynasty is always a Central Plains regime mode with "Mongolian old systems" hybrid."FOUR" system-based national policies made ethnic conflicts of the Yuan Dynasty and class conflicts extremely sharp. Mongolian labor force was in low status, and the contradiction between slaves of animal husbandry and feudal lords, the contradiction between kings of the nobility and the central government constitute the principal contradiction of the Yuan Dynasty.In the Yuan Dynasty, the desert south of the Mongolian economy has reached an unprecedented height of development. Animal husbandry, the Land-Hoarding agriculture, handicrafts and grassland commerce promoted the economic development of Mongolia headquarters together. However, the prosperity economic picture were printed deep "government-run" mark,"flourishing Saibei" is actually a transfer of wealth by the Mongolian rulers taking advantage of his executive powers. After the death of Kublai Khan, the Yuan Dynasty bloody cruel throne war lasted nearly30years. The throne and economic policy kept changes and economy was in deep recession in late period of Yuan, but the palace luxury consumption Buddhist expenses continue to increase, and the central government frequently "change notes" to plunder the wealth, nationwide peasant uprising finally broke and the Yuan government moved north. Without the "tilt" care policies, due to the lack of their own development power core, Mongolian economy went rapid disintegration in the short-lived, and the Yuan Empire this economic collapse.Yuan Dynasty is a glorious period with the Mongols shine and Mongolian civilization to the world in the history of the world stage. The policies, along with Yuan Dynasty overseas conquest and to encourage overseas trade, have brought nomadic and farming mixture marine nature of the country to the Yuan Empire. Mongolian kept tolerance and build on other national culture, making the full range of economic exchanges with other ethnic groups, such as the Han, Tibetan. Mongolian also made frequent intercity exchanges with other ethnic groups in Asia and Europe. Yuan Dynasty is a world empire across Europe and Asia undoubtedly.