Study On Rural Settlement Layout Optimization Based On GIS

The rural planning of China is lagging behind, coupled with the impact of traditionalagricultural production methods and habits, resulting in rural settlements layout scattered, landutilization is low, most of the village construction is in a state of disorder, which is not conducive tothe intensive use of land and rural modernization. Therefore, the study of how to make ruralsettlements layout optimization more scientific and rural construction land go to the intensivedevelopment, has important practical significance.This paper chose Heshui County in Gansu Province as an example, based on the second landsurvey data and socio-economic statistics, finished the suitability evaluation of the rural settlementlayout and consolidation, then divided all the rural settlements into different types, based on theresults of the evaluations, and determined the appropriate layout optimization scheme. This providesthe theoretical basis for the planning of rural settlements in the new round of the overall land useplanning. The main contents are as follows:（1）The suitability evaluation of rural settlement layoutOn the basis of theoretical research on the suitability evaluation of rural settlement layout,determine the evaluation unit according to the actual situation of the study area, and build ruralresidential layout suitability evaluation index system from the aspects of the land status,socio-economic status and geographic conditions; use Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) todetermine the impact factor weights; determine the rural residential layout suitability distribution ofHeshui County by application of ArcGIS9.3space analysis capabilities. The evaluation showed that:the rural residential layout of Heshui county is obvious with regional restrictions, the appropriatelayout area accounted for8.09%of the total land area in the county; the less appropriate layout areaaccounted for26.72%of the total land area in the county; the marginally suitable layout of the areaaccounted for32.19%of the total land area in the county; the inappropriate layout area accountedfor33.00%of the total land area in the county.（2）The suitability evaluation of rural settlement consolidationSelected evaluation indexes from both natural factors and socio-economic factors, build thesuitability evaluation index system of rural settlement consolidation; used AHP to determine theweight of each evaluation index; determine the situation of the suitability of rural settlement consolidation by application of ArcGIS9.3spatial analysis capabilities. The evaluation resultsshows that: In Heshui County, the rural settlements suitable for consolidation accounted for7.82%of the total area of all the rural settlements; the rural settlements less appropriate for consolidationaccounted for49.54%of the total area of all the rural settlements; the rural settlements notappropriate for consolidation accounted for42.64%of the total area of all the rural settlements.（3）The scheme of rural settlement layout optimizationDivided all the rural settlements into four types: resident type, central type, reserved type andrelocated type, according to the results of the suitability evaluation of rural settlement layout andconsolidation. Resident rural settlements adopt urbanization development model, and graduallymove to the county or township; Central rural settlements do internal consolidation and renovation,construct modern residential community according to reasonable layout planning, and develop tothe central village; The relocated rural settlements gradually move to the central village, adopt theconstruction mode of central village. The reserved rural settlements maintain the status for the timebeing, to consolidate or not is according to township planning, it can be used as reserve land forrural settlement land consolidation.