| As the development of China’s agricultural economy has stepped on a new stage, and fertile ground is provided for nurturing agriculture with industry, promoting agriculture with industry, and promoting rural areas with urban areas, China’s agricultural development has ushered in new opportunities. Since the implementation of the policy of reform and opening up, the industrial structure of agriculture has undergone large adjustments for several times in different parts of our country, and it tends to be reasonable; characteristic high-quality agricultural products are making rapid progress; efficient cash crops, livestock and aquaculture have become new points of growth; main agricultural products gradually pour to more favorable producing areas; as China speeds up the process of urbanization and the transfer of rural surplus labor, farmers find more sources to increase income; leading enterprises play a increasingly distinct role; contract agriculture is developing rapidly; the basic pattern is preliminarily formed, in which grain, cash crops and fodder crops account for a reasonable proportion respectively and develop in a coordinative way. But there are still many problems. For example, the industrialization of agriculture and rural economic structure are unreasonable; agriculture doesn’t boast high overall efficiency and fails to cooperate with other related industries for mutual development. These problems bring about new subjects on a new round of the structural adjustment of agricultural industry.The essence of the structural adjustment of agricultural industry is to make agriculture transform from quantitative accumulation to qualitative leap. The fundamental purpose is to maximize quality and efficiency, to increase farmers’ income and agricultural efficiency, to generate conditions for rural economy’s rapid development, and to achieve optimal allocation among various departments of agricultural industry and among various elements so as to produce the greatest comprehensive benefits. Xide County is located in the north-central part of Liangshan Prefecture, nestling among low mountains and medium-low mountains. The whole county includes24townships and is populated by212thousand people. Its agriculture is based on conventional planting and breeding, like planting potatoes, corns buckwheat, rice, barley and breeding in a free-ranging way pigs, cattle, sheep, black bone capons. In the recent years, Xide has been focusing on "potato, chicken, pepper" and flue-cured tobacco in the industrialization of agriculture. In accordance with the requirements of new rural construction, Xide people actively carry out relevant pilot works and vigorously develop modern agriculture that is characteristic, high-yield, high-quality, efficient, ecological and safe. The preliminary success in the structural adjustment of agricultural industry has showed up; great impetus has been given to modern tobacco agriculture; characteristic agriculture such as potato, pepper, cocoon, characteristic fruits has been enhanced significantly in its scale and efficiency; farmers’income has been notably increased; comprehensive agricultural production capacity has been improved significantly. All these achievements lay a solid foundation for Xide County to carry out the industrial structure adjustment.This paper aims at providing a solid foundation for Xide’s agricultural structure adjustment by making use of theories of industrial structure adjustment, of the stages of agricultural economy development, of agricultural industrialization, and of comparative advantage, and conducting on-the-spot investigation into Xide County’s agricultural industry to obtain first-hand information, in which close attention was paid to Xide’s agriculture, while combining statistical analysis and typical survey, taking an scientific approach of unifying macroeconomic analysis and microscopic studies, and making analysis of, summing up and processing data acquired to find relevant laws. The analysis results show the problems existing in agricultural production structure and agricultural industry structure in Xide County are as follows:there are unreasonable grain production structure, the aging of varieties, poor quality and low output; the structure of planting cash crops and fruit and vegetable is irrational; the development of cash crops and fruit production doesn’t comply with the laws of market and ecological regionalization, with such predominant features as unreasonable layout, monotonous plant species, the aging of varieties, incompatibility among early—maturing, middle-maturing and late-maturing, and a larger proportion of inferior quality products; high benefits fails to be achieved from animal products; although animal husbandry and aquaculture develop relatively rapidly, there are still a lot of failures to adapt to agricultural development; government’s role in support and service is not strongly played; its industrial structure is not reasonable, in which farming has an absolute advantage; the overall efficiency of agriculture is not high; although the proportion of animal husbandry has been greatly improved, it is still unable to adapt to the agricultural development; the proportions of forestry and fishing are small; it is difficult for Xide’s agricultural products to compete in the fierce market due to the poor quality; regional advantages are not evident; processed agricultural products have low added value; agricultural and sideline products lag behind processing; most of agricultural products are middle-and-low-level and raw materials while few are high-quality, high-end or intensively processed, which are able to meet the consumption requirements of urban and rural residents whose incomes have been improved for diversification, quality and specialization of agricultural products; Xide’s agriculture is typical of unreasonable structure, poor quality, low level of processing, and slow increase of farmers’income; leading enterprises in Xide are characterized by small scale, small quantities, low level of industrialization, and poor economic performance; it is hard for farmers to increase their incomes; the industrial structure of agriculture can not adapt to the rapid development of market changes.According to the existing problems of Xide County whose agricultural industry is in a backward state of development, Xide should adhere to the following guiding principles in its agricultural structure adjustment:the principle of market-orientation, the principle of taking science and education as priorities, the principle of the overall development of urban and rural areas and taking workers and peasants as a complement of each other, the principle of bringing regional comparative advantages into play, the principle of promoting agriculture through science and education, the principle of sustainable development of agriculture, and the principle of cooperation among parties so as to further rationalize the agricultural structure in Xide County and make it fully use agricultural resources and other resources to achieve the optimal allocation of resources.Under the guidance of the principles above, the strategies for Xide County to undergo agricultural structure adjustment are as follows:Develop preferential policies and increase support; Promote the strategic adjustment of agricultural structure.; Actively promote the process of agricultural industrialization. Hi, Germany also proposed to promote the county agricultural industrial structure adjustment safeguards: Strive for national investment projects; Pay close attention to farmland water conservancy construction with flood control and flood combat as the focus; Increase investment in science and technology to promote the agricultural structure adjustment; Build information network platform to promote the circulation of agricultural and sideline products; Improve farmers’quality, standardize and support intermediary organizations in rural areas. |
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