| As the core theory of economic, efficiency major researches how to meet the needs of people from a macro perspective, as the resources is limited; In the microscopic, it research how can a company effectively uses production resources to maximize output or minimize inputs. We know that bank is a very important part of the financial market, it can raise the efficiency of the functioning of social and economic, in the case of the bank can realize a valid management and operations, and it also can better serving the development of the economy and the people’s increasing demand for the financial services. Especially in the back ground of economic globalization, the competition of global financial market is becoming fiercely, foreign banks inroads into our country under the gradual opening up of China’s financial market, bring a challenge to the banks of the country, What is more there are also opportunities, a better competition market is beneficial to the development of the market concept and management concept. Although China’s commercial banks operating performance proved that it is not as expected at a disadvantage when in the face of foreign banks in the past years. We also need clearly realize that there is still a gap between the bank of our country with the foreign banks in many aspects, such as management, product innovation, and service and so on. Only through improve their service consciousness, accelerate product innovation, strengthen internal management and risk control can our banks to maintain a long-term development in the competition.Many scholars in home and abroad have made fruitful researches for commercial bank efficiency, and they also put forward many suggestions for the improvement of the efficiency of commercial banks. The paper summarized the research achievements of predecessor’s in the part of the literature review. We found the most literatures focused on the part of traditional research perspectives. The existing research regardless of the process and characteristics of the bank, and also the management characteristics of different stages, and internal level of efficiency. They just solution of the technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of commercial banks, etc. And the study of commercial banks internal operation process can help the banks to find the cause of the inefficient bank, and also can be better find the internal factors for the bank to improve the bank efficiency.In this paper the operating process of the banks are divided into two processes, they are raises found and profit process. We select14commercial banks as the samples of the research object, in this paper we use two-stage associated DEA model. We empirical analysis the efficiency of the bank and the different processes of the management. We divided the sample into four major state-owned banks and joint-stock banks, and compare the efficiency of them. The paper analyzes the factors that influence the efficiency of the banks, and come up with some suggestions to rise up the efficiency.In this paper, the specific research content has the following several parts:The first part is introduction. In the part we introduce the research background and the framework of this paper. Considering the characteristics of the bank operating process, this paper inspects the efficiency of banks. The framework mainly introduces the research purpose, methods, objects and the train thought of the article.The second part is the literature review of this article. In this chapter we first analyzes some bank efficiency theory, mainly introduces some definitions of bank efficiency and research categories, such as scale efficiency, scope efficiency, etc. Also the part introduces the research methods of bank efficiency, such as parameter method and nonparametric method, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. Secondly, we first reviewed and summarized the literature use traditional DEA analysis method at home and abroad, then the literatures that used two-stage DEA analysis method from the aspects of at home and abroad. Finally we introduced the research methods of this article.The third part we design the models of the research. Firstly, we give some introduces of the DEA and its working principle. Secondly, the paper give two classics models of the DEA, they are CCR and BCC. On the basis of the referenced of classical models, this section mainly introduces the working principle of the two-stage associated DEA model. The fourth part is the analysis of the empirical results for this paper. First we analyzed the characteristics of the commercial bank, divided into stages of fund-raising and earnings. Secondly we use the two-stage DEA to calculate the efficiency of different levels, mainly we focus on the integrated efficiency, raise funds efficiency and profit efficiency, and also make the contrast analysis between different efficiency of the commercial bank.The fifth part is the analysis of the factors that impact the bank efficiency. From the inside and outside perspectives, we select the GDP growth rate, total society fixed asset investment growth rate and the M2growth as external macro variables; also we select total assets, return on total assets, non-interest income ratio, deposit-loan ratio, capital adequacy ratio and non-performing loan ratio as the internal factors. By construct Tobit regression analysis model, we find the factors influence comprehensive efficiency on the whole, the factors of raise funds efficiency and profit efficiency.The finally part is the conclusion of the paper. We summarize the conclusions of the article, and give some suggestions to enhance the efficiency.The main conclusions of this paper have the following several aspects:First, the level of the efficiency is still in low level. Banks that in efficiency are very few, there just two banks like Min Sheng, Xing Ye are efficient, others banks are inefficient. In profitable stage, the banks those in the efficient state are very few. We also can see that the efficiency of state-owned banks is lower than the joint-stock banks.Second, profitable phase inefficient is the cause of the inefficiency for our country’s commercial banks. The profit efficiency is lower than the overall efficiency and financing efficiency. Profit inefficiency caused the lower for the comprehensive efficiency for state-owned banks and joint-stock banks.Third, the efficiency of state-owned banks is lower than the joint-stock banks. For the comparison between them, we can see the average efficiency of the big four state-owned banks is lower than joint-stock commercial banks under the comprehensive efficiency and efficiency of the two substrates, the ranks of the efficiency also illustrate this phenomenon. But there is a point that need we pay attention to, the efficiency of the state-owned banks is becoming improved.Fourth, the factors influence the bank efficiency. The empirical results shows that the GDP growth, the growth rate of investment in fixed assets, capital adequacy ratio and non-interest income ratio have a significant positive impact for the comprehensive efficiency; The M2growth, total assets and non-performing loan ratio have a significant negative correlation for the comprehensive efficiency of the commercial banks in China. Macro factors and non-performing loan ratio have a significant impact on the financing stage efficiency; External macro factors decreases the impact on the profit efficiency, GDP growth has no marked effect on the profit efficiency, however the internal factors significantly enhanced the influence on the profit efficiency. It explains that the factors that influence the efficiency are its internal factors, only through enhance the non-interest income ratio, reduce non-performing loan ratio, increase capital adequacy ratio and moderate scale of contraction can improve the efficiency of commercial banks in China.The innovation has the following some points:First, the past studies deal with the commercial bank as a "black box". The paper put the management process divided into raising capital and profits stages according to the characteristics of commercial banks operating process. So that we can find the reasons cause the inefficiency from the internal point. By using the two-stages associated DEA model, we get the comprehensive efficiency, raise efficiency and profit efficiency, and also we obtained the real reason cause the banks inefficiency by comparing to get the real reason for the low efficiency of Chinese commercial banks. The paper broke through the traditional single stage DEA method which just research the technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency which have no meanings.Second, the article selects the deposit as the intermediate variable, which is not only the output variables of the first phase, but also the input variables of the second phase. This approach solves the dispute about the input and output indicators, such as the deposits and so on, which could better illustrate the characteristics of the bank managementThird, we select the factors affecting efficiency from inside and outside two aspects, the paper has carried on the empirical analysis not only on the comprehensive efficiency, but also to the phase of raise funds and the profitability phase. We made empirical analysis on influencing factors. In profit stage, external macro factors significantly becoming smaller, however its own internal factors play a significant impact. This conclusion proved that the inefficiency of Chinese commercial banks is caused by its low profitability from another angle, and only through improve the efficiency of profitability can we improve the commercial banks’ overall efficiency. |
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