| With further development of industrialization and urbanization, the influence of global climate changeincreases, the situation of irrigation and water conservancy China faces is becoming more stern. The "Twelfth five-year" is the period which furthers the reform of water conservancy and strengthens the managementof water conservancy, which promotes sustainable development of the traditional water conservancy to modern water conservancy and which promotes the transformation to sustainable water conservancy. It is alsothe critical period which strengthenes the construction of water conservancy key weaknesses and speedes up the development of water conservancy.This year is opening year of the implementation of the "twelfth five-year" plan, carrying outsmall-scale irrigation and water conservancy construction is of great significance to the development ofrural production in China. In the2011central NO.1file, the CPC central committee and the state councilput forward strengthening agricultural infrastructure construction as the central task of current agriculturaland rural work. We believe that this is a significant act which strengthens and riches peasants. All levels ofgovernment in China have always attached great importance to the small irrigation and water conservancyfacilities construction. After a long-term unremitting efforts, the country built more than2000smallirrigation and water conservancy projects, which play an irreplaceable position and role in protectingsustainable agriculture and rural economic growth, improving farmers’ living standard, protectingecological environment, improving production and living conditions of farmers, and promoting the foodproduction etc. But, due to the low construction standards, the deficiency of supplements, insufficientfollow-up investment, serious disrepair of engineering, and growing extreme climate,China’s agriculturalproduction in the agricultural production water supply excess, the wet area in the shortage of waterresources supply water supply imbalances, unreasonable structure of small and small irrigation and waterconservancy facilities, also has not play its proper role, which caused a big drought in southwest China’ssituation, seriously affected the local agricultural production and farmers’ life, even threat to national food security, which requires the government attaches great importance to, promptly set up by the state, localand farmers participate in multistage small irrigation and water conservancy facilities constructionlong-term effective mechanism, further strengthening the management of water conservancy project, tospeed up the pace of construction of water conservancy. Therefore, no matter for agricultural productionand farmers’ life, to strengthen the construction of small irrigation and water conservancy facilities are veryimportant and profound realistic significance.The research purpose of this research is to explore how to effectively solve the problems of farmlandwater conservancy construction, perfect the small irrigation and water conservancy infrastructureconstruction, improving farmers’ production and living ways, make the qualitative leap of rural agriculturalmodernization. By using literature method, survey method, case analysis method, comparative method,experience summary method, such as research methods, writing paper has played a certain role.This paper first introduced the historical evolution of Chinese small-scale irrigation and waterconservancy in three stages, the founding of the PRC to the reform and opening up period, the reform andopening up to the rural tax reform period and the rural tax reform to the "11th Five-Year Plan" period. Andthen summarized the present condition of the small-scale irrigation and water conservancy in China fromthree aspects: the overall situation of the irrigation and water conservancy facilities is alarming, servicefunction of small-scale irrigation and water conservancy facilities has degenerate greatly, and constructionof small-scale irrigation and water conservancy facilities lags behind seriously. The outstanding issuesChinese small-scale irrigation and water conservancy construction are faced with includes(1) Facilitiesdon’t match with the project and the aging and disrepair situation is serious;(2) Shortage and waste ofwater resources coexists and the development of water-saving agriculture is lagging;(3) Investment is inserious shortage and it is lack of stable growth mechanisms;(4) Management mechanism is not sound andmanagement subject is vacant. Reasons behind these problems are:(1) Management system is not smoothand management responsibility is not implemented;(2) There is no effective mechanism and investment isseriously insufficient;(3) Property right system is lack of incentive functions and mechanism system seizesup;(4) Investment channels are scattered and the structure of investment is not reasonable. Difficulties indriving small-scale irrigation and water conservancy construction are analyzed, mainly including the "oneproject, one discussion" mechanism is difficult to operate, the management system and property rightreform is difficult to perform, social capital investment is difficult to attract, the contradiction betweensupply and demand of funds is difficult to solve, and the crowded out small-scale irrigation and water conservancy projects is difficult to avoid. Small-scale irrigation and water conservancy construction andmanagement experience abroad includes:(1) The investment is government-led and social capital is widelyinvolved in;(2) Promote the reform of property right system and absorb farmers to participate in irrigationmanagement;(3) Establish the water rights trading market and improve the pricing mechanism of theministry;(4) Combine tightly with land renovation and improve the ability of sustainable development;(5)Focus on system construction and improve the relevant legislation;(6) Use the fiscal and taxationpolicies to increase subsidies for small-scale irrigation and water conservancy;(7) Establish the waterrights market and improve the utilization efficiency of water resources;(8) Carry out the water usersparticipatory irrigation management mechanism and promote the farmers autonomous management system;(9) Establish compensation mechanism of operating cost recovery. Ma Po town in WeiShan County hascarried on many approaches, such as to strengthen organizational leadership, to vigorously promote theimplementation of responsibility, to increase investment and innovate input mechanism, to vigorouslypromote the quality supervision, to vigorously promote the after-construction management. Finally, in viewof these deficiencies and problems, we put forward our own views and some related solutions. One is torationally devide the routine power and financial power developing small-scale irrigation and waterconservancy of governments at all levels; Two is to guide the enthusiasm of farmers to participate insmall irrigation and water conservancy construction; Three is to innovate systems and mechanisms, andimprove the level of scientific management rate; Four is to strengthen the security role of planning and lawin small-scale irrigation and water conservancy construction.To strengthen the construction of small irrigation and water conservancy engineering, is to improve thecomprehensive agricultural production capacity, promote sustainable rural farmers income growth of amajor move. Implementation of small-scale irrigation and water conservancy project construction, will beconducive to China’s water conservancy infrastructure condition improvement, be helpful for theadjustment of agricultural structure, increasing farmers’ property income in rural areas, to build a newsocialist countryside, urban and rural overall development, reduce regional gap lay a solid foundation.Small irrigation and water conservancy engineering construction, the use of water saving, water useefficiency is improved, and further optimize the configuration of water resources in our country, have apositive impact on the protection and improvement of ecological environment. |
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