Response Of Beijing Land Use Change And Its Ecological Environment

Urban spatial expansion and land use change are important performances of regional spatial urbanization. The change of land use can lead to the change of regional climate, hydrology, soil, biogeochemical cycle and biodiversity; bring regional and even global socio-economic issues; thus, affects the sustainable socio-economic development of the city. To study the change features of urban spatial expansion and land use, together with their impacts on the ecological environment, is of great significance for the promotion of regional urbanization and the harmonious sustainable development relationship between human beings and land use.Taking Beijing as the study object; using the basic data including the land use data interpreted from the land use remote sensing images from the year1995,2000,2005and2010, and the corresponding data about social economy, resource and environment, that collected from the Beijing Statistical Yearbook, Beijing Regional Statistical Yearbook, Statistical Yearbook of each county, China Regional Statistical Yearbook, Water Resources Bulletin, the annual report of Environment State and the Energy and Water Consumption Bulletin of each district; adopting the study methods of regression analysis, main factor analysis and mathematical modeling, with the help of GIS spatial expression function and the SPSS data analysis function, this paper firstly synthetically analyzes and evaluates the present characteristics of land use, its comprehensive utilization level and the main factors affecting it; and then, basing on the Pressure-Statement-Reaction concept framework, it builds an index system and a weighted composite function evaluation model. All this is intended to research the temporal and spatial features of eco-environment responses related with land use change, and to preliminarily elaborate the mechanism of it, quantitatively and qualitatively.The study results figure that:(1)In terms of the dynamic changing characteristics, the three main land use types were woodland, farmland and construction land. The function of land use emphasized on ecological environment construction and protection. The woodland and construction land showed a rising trend, with the latter one gaining the biggest increase; while the farm gained the sharpest reduction, and it mainly changed to be the construction land.(2)The land comprehensive utilization level improved continually, and the main factors affecting it were agricultural output, agricultural output of per agricultural land unit, industrial output, per capita GDP and urbanization leve.(3)The temporal and spatial distribution features of the socio-economic press index, the land use state index, the ecological environment response index, the ecological environment response index and the ecological environment comprehensive evaluation index were obvious, and these features were related with topography and the main urban function each county mainly assumed.(4)In the endogenous variables, including the land use type, together with its scale and structure change, the rapid expansion of construction land had significant negative impact on the ecological environment. In the various types of ecological land, the reduction of farmland area sharply damaged the ecological environment, while the increase of woodland area took an important role to the improvement of ecological environment. Compared with the land use structure, the reduction of land use scale was the main factor causing the negative evolution of ecological environment.(5)In the exogenous variables, including population growth, urbanization level, industrialization level and the development of economy, the increase of population number and population desenty, the development of urbanization level and economy all significantly depraved the condition of ecological environment.