Study On Resource Utilization Potential Of Livestock And Poultry Manure

With the rapid development of the intensive livestock and poultry farms,the increased amount of manure caused environmental problems in China.It is crucial to study resource utilization potential on manure for realizing livestock and poultry manure resourcelization and husbandry sustainable development.This paper study the resource utilization potential by investigation, statistical analysis. Meanwhile collecting 1079 samples of pig manure, cow manure, chicken manure in Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnnan, Guizhou, to proximate analysis, ultimate and low heat value analysis by instrumental analysis. The main results were as follows:(1)There is a large number of livestock and poultry manure in China in 2013 and the spatial differentiation is obvious. National total manure resource is more than 623 million tones,among them the pig manure take up the largest proportion,up to 36.71% of the total, followed by the cow dung, poultry manure, sheep. From the distribution point of view, Shandong, Henan, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan, Hebei five provinces manure are the most abundant resource in the regions of which respectively up to 60.56 million tons,52.23 million t,43.32 million t,42.67 million t, 40.41 million t, accounting for 38.39% of the total resources of livestock and poultry manure of our country. Hunan, Xinjiang, Liaoning,Hubei,Anhui,Heilongjiang,Guangdong,Guangxi,Yunnan,Jiangsu,in such regions, manure production is betwin 20 million to 30 million t, Guizhou, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Jilin, Jiangxi in these regions manure production is over 10 million t to 20 million t, Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Hainan, Ningxia, Qinghai,Tibet,Shanxi,Zhejiang,Shaanxi areas, where is lack of 10 million t. Manure resources are unevenly distributed, we should be adapted to local conditions.(2)Fertilizer and energy utilization is the main way to use livestock and poultry manure. By estimating the manure fertilizer assessment indicators, we can drawn conclusion that 2013 manure resources theoretically contains organic matter 20554.23× 104 t, nitrogen nutrient 1155.42×104t, phosphorus nutrient 311.57×104t, Potassium 774.06×104t, nitrogen phosphorus and potassium, respectively, equivalent to 48.26% of 2013 agricultural nitrogen fertilizer, and 37.51% of agricultural fertilizer application rate of 123.38% of potash fertilizer,obviously manure is of huge fertilizer potential. If the livestock and poultry manure is completely applied to fertilizer, from an scientific environmental scientific point of view is that nitrogen and phosphorus load per unit area of arable land will reach to 289.78kg/hm2, 149.13kg/hm2, far higher than the unit of cultivated nitrogen and phosphorus load limits(nitrogen170kg/hm2, phosphorus 35kg/hm2). More than 90% of the area of farmland nitrogen and phosphorus load exceeds limits, Compost manure can not solve our manure resource utilization;On the other hand through standard coal and methane reduction method:manure as energy entirely theoretical contain 22597.68×104t standard coal and 11671.42×107m3 of biomass gas,The energy resource potential is relatively large, Shandong, Henan, Sichuan, Hebei, Inner Mongolia are among the most, which is consistent with the total amount of livestock and poultry resource distribution.(3)Proximate analysis of Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Guizhou six provinces manure, cow dung, chicken manure total of 1079 copies, elemental analysis and heat value analysis, the results show: manure samples containing relatively high moisture content(55.4%~80.20%), in front of thermochemical conversion we shouid make the necessary drying process, compared with straw, with a high volatile content(50.10%~68.15%) and ash content(55.10%~68.15%) and a lower fixed carbon(17.68%~34.07%), in the elemental composition of carbon content(29.48%~41.64%), hydrogen content(4.87%~7.79%), nitrogen content(1.93%~4.73%) was higher, and the oxygen content(26.97%~31.29%)is lower. Manure contains trace elements, Cu 2.94mg/kg~ 56.62mg/kg),Zn(19.39mg/kg~118.32mg/kg),K(0.55mg/kg~2.46mg/kg),Na(0.23mg/kg~0.99mg/kg),P(0.65g/kg~2.26g/kg),trace elements can produce these compounds which will catalytic thermochemical process. Calorific value(9.25MJ/kg~15.28MJ/kg) is high. Comprehensive analysis, manure has a high volatile, appropriate elements, high calorific value, has the potential to take advantage of thermochemical conversion. According to the mass balance thermochemical conversion and energy conservation theoretical results for further analysis: applying biomass air gasification mode, manure energy conversion efficiency is of 43.85% ~ 71.99%, with higher thermal chemical energy utilization potential.