Research On The Evaluation Index System Of Equalization Of Basic Public Service In China And Its Application

With the development of society and economy, people’s requirements on environmental quality and corresponding environmental service are improving continually. But for a long time, China has been influenced by these factors such as the economic aggregate oriented, dual management system of rural-urban, extensive growth mode, faulty system of environmental protection. It shows that we obviously lack the awareness and construction in the governmental responsibility for environmental protection and system standardization, which causes that the supply of all kinds of public services is insufficient and has greater difference between the city and countryside in the field of environmental protection. The difference of environmental protection public service has further exacerbated the environmental damage in resource intensive areas and ecological sensitive areas, threatened to the quality and safety of regional environment. Through the equalization assessment of environmental basic public service, the paper finds the structural problems in environmental basic public service of China from the regional level assessment, which has remarkable significance to improve regional environmental quality, meet the needs of the people and avoid great destruction of regional ecological environment.On the basis of the reference collection and the domestic and foreign relevant theory and experience, the paper combines with the practice of basic public service in the environmental protection field, constructs the theoreticalframework of environmental basic public service and preliminarily defines the conception, scope and target of environmental basic public service according to the requirements of ecological civilization construction. According to the model of "pressure--state--response" (PSR), the paper adopts these differentiation semantic such as "urban and rural", "the Eastern, the Middle and the Western regions" and non-differentiated semantic such as "per capita", "coverage rate", combines with periodical targets of Chinese environmental basic public service, especially these key fields of the environmental base public service equalization in Twelve-Five planning such as safe drinking water, environmental supervision and the construction and operation of environmental infrastructure, evaluates the scientific, representative, feasibility and development of index data, and generalizes the evaluation index system based on supply and demand of environmental basic public service. Then, the paper collects the data of the year of 2008-2013 to carry out the dimensionless processing. It adopts expert scoring and analytic hierarchy process to calculate the index weight, then chooses appropriate method to evaluate the variation trend of 30 provinces’ environmental basic public service level. On the basis of the research results of evaluation index and evaluation method in environmental basic public service, the paper adopts natural discontinuities classification method of GIS to cluster the similar values, makes an equalization evaluation based on the similarity, and uses the Gini coefficient method to make an equalization evaluation based on the diversity. Finally, the paper uses SPSS software to make Spearman correlation analysis, and explores the impacts significance of economic development on the level of environmental basic public service.The conclusion shows:according to the range provided of environmental basic public service, the index system of the construction benefits to the connection of the existing systems between national economic statistics and environmental statistics. We can identify and quantitatively evaluate the equalization level of environmental basic public service in different regions. The empirical results of national 30 provinces (city, region) show that during the period of 2008-2013, the scores of environmental basic public service based on the evaluation in two levels as follows:Eastern Region> Middle Region Western Region> Northeast Region. The degree of equalization is increasing year by year. To promote the equalization of environmental basic public service in the eastern coastal areas, the key is to reduce pollutant emission intensity from the source. The local government should curb excessive growth of high energy consumption and high emission industries, promotes the application of clean production technology, and increases the supervision strength of sewage enterprises. For the middle and western regions, it is very important to increase the environmental protection funds and institution, and guarantee the disposal facilities construction of sewage and garbage to improve the efficiency of environmental pollution control. For the northeast region, it should start from all aspects. On the one hand, it should increase the investment in environmental protection to improve the efficiency of environmental infrastructure operation; on the other hand, it should change the mode of economic growth to adjust the industrial structure with environmental friendly development path.