Spatial And Temporal Distribution Pattern On Water Resources And Its Response To Climate Change Of Upper And Middle Reaches Of Ashihe

Uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources is the main reasonfor the shortage of water resources in China. So taking a reasonable measure to usewater resources, can not only solve the issues of local water shortage, but alsopromote the development of local economy and society. Upper andmiddle reaches of Ashihe basin is located in the province of Heilongjiang, wherelots of agricultural water needed and shortage of water, lead to the contradiction ofindustry, agriculture and lives of residents. Thus, it is particularly important to givea reasonable allocation strategy of water resources to solve water conflicts byanalyzing the spatial and temporal distribution of local water resources and itsresponse to climate change.This topic researches the variation dynamics and spatial distribution pattern oftemperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration and runoff in upper andmiddle reaches of Ashihe basin. and uses SWAT model to simulate effects of climatechange on evapotranspiration and runoff of upper and middle reaches of Ashihebasin, thus giving a reasonable suggestion to use the water resources of upper andmiddle reaches of Ashihe basin. Given the spatial and temporal distribution of waterresources and its response to climate change are common to othe places, themethods and results of this research will be a reference for other similar areas andwatershed across the country. The main conclusions are as follows:Using non-parametric tests to analyze the trend of temperature, precipitation,evapotranspiration and runoff, based on the study area data of1991-2010years,finding that the trend of temperature is upward, the trend of precipitation,evapotranspiration and runoff are downward. By analysising the temporaldistribution of the temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration and runoff in upperand middle reaches of Ashihe basin, finding that the average annual temperature ofwoodland which located in upstream of the study area is lowest, temperature offarmland which located in middle and lower reaches of the study area is lower,urban land which located in downstream have a higher temperature. Average annualprecipitation in the downstream of study area is richer, the middle reaches isrelatively fewer. Spatial distribution of evapotranspiration is uneven, where havemoer precipitation and higher temperature, will have a larger evapotranspiration.Different land use patterns will affect the distribution of evapotranspiration, but theinfluence is smaller, compared to precipitation and temperature. Spatial distributionof runoff has a few influence by climate change, which increases gradually fromupstream to downstream along the main rivers, and reaches a maximum in the outletof basin, aslo runoff will be larger when it has a short distance with the main flow of the river.Analysising the trend of evapotranspiration and runoff with climate change inupper and middle reaches of Ashihe basin. Pointing out that runoff decreases withtemperature increasing, and increases with precipitation increasing.Evapotranspiration increases with temperature and precipitation increasing.Combined with the type of land use, topography, climatic conditions and the spatialdistribution of water resources in upper and middle reaches of Ashihe basin, thestudy area can be divided into seven functional areas:(1) paddy expanded area;(2)water receiving area;(3) protected area of water conservation forest;4, changepaddy to upland region;(5) protected area of water and soil erosion;(6)structural adjustment of planting area industrial (reduc farmland);(7) waterrecharge area;. This will make water resources in the study area get a reasonable useand promote the development of local economic and social.