A Study On Safety Evacuation Of Large Commercial Complex Fire

In recent years, the large design idea of shopping mall in our country has changed fromthe traditional department stores to large commercial comprehensive center. The change ofbusiness model is promoting rapid economic development and improving the lives of thepeople level, at the same time, also influenced in the safety, reliability and daily securitymanagement level of large commercial complex evacuation design. To deal with thischallenge, taking a large commercial complex as the object, the corresponding adjustmentscheme was proposed by adopting a new design concept and the personnel safety evacuationwas demonstrated based on the basic principle of fire safety engineering, in order to ensurethat the evacuation safety can reach even exceed the same level of codes required. The mainwork and conclusions are as follows:(1) Because of the large size and the complex functions of large commercial complex,there is certain design difficulty in the fire compartment, fire separation mode, evacuationstaircase location, evacuation distance, evacuation width, atrium exhaust, the cinema or thebanquet hall location, it is difficult to meet the requirements of the code, the safety andreliability of these design difficulties will affect the evacuation.(2) By analyzing the national standards, local standards, domestic literature results ofevacuation design criteria and basis, the conversion factor of evacuated people number, aswell as staffing, staff walking speed, the effective width of evacuation exits and otherevacuation design parameters of large commercial complex were analysised, which couldprovide a basis and reference to select the evacuation design parameters more scientificallyand rationally.(3) Taking a large commercial complex as the research object, through orthogonalnumerical simulation test, the various impact factors on the evacuation action time for a largecommercial complex were comparatively analysised. The results showed that the conversionfactor of evacuation number, walking speed, the effective width of evacuation exports are themain factors affecting large commercial complex evacuation time for action, their influencerate on the evacuation action time is92.67%,2.44%and2.33%respectively.(4) Combined with the characteristics of a large commercial complex construction, a "phased evacuation" evacuation mode was introduced. The evacuation time of a largecommercial complex was calculated and analysised by using theoretical calculations, theresults show that a phased evacuation mode, which can effectively improve the evacuationefficiency and reduce evacuation time.(5) The safety of phased evacuation and overall evacuation were qualitatively andquantitatively analysised by using of the basic principle of fire protection engineering.Through numerical simulation of the development and spread of fire and evacuation showsthat in the event of fire, overall evacuation can not guarantee security, but according to thefire position, combined with the development of the law of the spread of fire, reasonablesafety evacuation order, phased evacuate all personnel can be evacuated before the dangercomes to safe areas, to improve the safety of evacuation.