| Climate, energy and environment have become the serious problems that human society can not avoid. With the deterioration of environment pollution and energy crisis, EVs (Electric Vehicles) as an effective method to those problems has become a broad consensus in the countries of the world. The rapid and healthy development of EVs relies on the reasonable and effective methods for planning and construction of the charging facilities.This paper firstly introduces three main types of EVs and their characteristics with merits and faults. Three feasible charging methods have been proposed based on different technology and operation methods at present. Combined with each application requirements, the corresponding serviceable ranges are obtained. Based on the characteristics of each charging method, the charging facilities are introduced in detail and the specific pattern of charging station adopted by this paper is also proposed.Targeting on the unique spatial pattern of trunk highway and combining the characteristics of EVs that has strong randomness and limited travel distance, the dynamic fluid model of EVs travel on the trunk highway can be established based on the principle of conservation of traffic flow. This model can use mathematic method to solve out the density of EVs on the trunk highway, and then solve out the arriving rate of EVs charged in the station. Based on the characteristics of service provided by the charging station, the stable number of rapid charging piles and charging power requirement can be obtained by the M/M/S queuing theory of random service system. For the randomness of traffic flow, the generality of model can be satisfied by solving expectations for each variable.Finally, take the actual situation of a high way as example, the fast charging stations of EVs are planned based on regular and blocking traffic respectively with the algorithm proposed by this article. According to the analysis of results, this model proves to be feasible and referable. |
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