Research On Space Design Of Datong Yungang Grottoes

More than one thousand five hundred years ago, Xianbei ethnic ruled the Northern Wei Dynasty, this is the prevalent period of Buddhism in China, In order to strengthen the spread of Buddhist thought, Xianbei ethnic established a large number of Grottoes architectural complex, Yungang Grottoes is established at the time.Yungang Grottoes is located in the west of Datong, beautiful environment on the Wuzhou Mountain, is one of the famous four great Buddhist Grottoes building in China, the splendid model of Northern Wei Dynasty royal architecture, is also a typical representative of the early Buddhist culture was introduced into China.The art expression form of Yungang Grottoes, it is present a variety of styles in styles. In early time, Tanyao presided over to dig out the big like grotto, with tall, solemn statue and spacious open space symbol of the royal emperor grave and majesty. To peak, the cave of the space design come into popular trend of double wat, it is improved the decorative, and the subject become more rich, sculpture and design revolves around that time. To late grotto art in the folk vogue, capital from Pingcheng (now Tadong) after moved to Luoyang, royal build grottoes fashion gradually toward the people, by the dignitaries to many people, so many religious believers dug grottoes began, and in the west of Wuzhou mountain appeared a variety of small caves, its subject as well as "Buddha of Three Periods" statues, come down before and symbol Empress Dowager Feng came to power at the time of Buddha and statues theme. Buddhist modeling from sincere, tall, also turned into "Shouguqinxiang" modeling style, and gradually formed the unique style, also reflects the Buddha thought is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and the localization of influence.From the perspective of space design, the inherent in the traditional Chinese architectural style, is bound to be highly integrated with the Indian Buddhist culture, in building materials, the use of process, technology presents a new way of spatial layout and segmentation. From the original Indian buddhist temple tower centered layout, to combine with the Chinese traditional courtyard architecture style, gradually replaced by the temple tower, the form in the temple as the center space design concept, the evolution process in Yungang Grottoes are concentrated about reflection. Change over time, the Yungang Grottoes in different historical periods presented their design idea and style of the typical style, this characteristic has strong times, religious, national, regional and other diversified colors, the early of Stupa architecture type architectural style, the modeling of Gandhara art style, etc are instances.In this paper, through the analysis of internal space of the Yungang caves mainly and the formation and development of caverns layout has carried on the deep discussion and research, tries to explore the impact from western art on Buddhist art, the relationship between Indian Buddhism art and the Chinese Buddhist art as the cause of Chinese artistic style and the southern dynasties.The research perspective of Yungang grottoes is from the space design of history and art, rich in art history at the same time can also be effective application of the content of the design practice in the present. No matter from the aspects or architecture, design science or art, it all has the significance of expressing the culture far-reaching historical and innovative design of the profound practical.