Geographical Research On Defense System Of Ji-Town Along The Great Wall In Ming Dynasty

In the Nine Defense Areas of Ming Dynasty,Ji-Town ranges from Shanhaiguan inthe east to Juyongguan in the west.As the key eastern gateway to Beijing,Ji-Townprotect Beijing from being attacked by the enemys. The Ming army retreated fromDaning and Kaiping regions Beyond the Great Wall in early Ming Dynasty.As aresult,Ji-Town was exposed to their enemys without any barrier,this make it moredifficult to protect Beijing.Qi Jiguang,the commander of Ji-Town, emphasize theimportance of this area in his book.The mountain Beyong the Ji-town extends Hundreds of kilometers, uniquehistorical, geographical background created the special strategic significance andmilitary status of Ji-Town Defense Area. Especially the distribution of the defensesystem and the construction of the defense monomer, clearly reflected the role ofspace-time background. This paper selects Ming Dynasty as a time boundary,Ji-Town as a space boundary, focuses on the influence of geographical factors onJi-Town along the Great Wall in Ming dynasty. We use Categories of MilitaryGeography to expand our research in a much wider ranges.This paper is divided into three parts.In the first part,we research the effect ofgeographical factors on the warfare in Ji-Town. The effect of geographical factors onspatial sequence is another subject in this part.The second part focus on layoutfeatures of the basic defense unit under the effect of geographical factors. The thirdpart is about the architectural features of fortress in Ji-Town,Huangyaguan is choosedas an example.