Research On Evacuation Capacity Model And Simulation In Building Exit For The Emergency

With the acceleration of urbanization in China, the city’s population density isincreasing. Once the incident occurred, the building of the crowd in terms of itsconsequences may be disastrous. Although the probability of occurrence ofunexpected events is small, but the potential consequences of their cause is extremelyserious. In order to reduce the serious consequences, reasonable, fast and effectiveevacuation in the structure of the population is very important. Many scholars focuson the overall building evacuation, evacuation of study but for the exit.First in this paper, the buildings were evacuated exports of typical phenomenonhas made the summary, thought phenomenon mainly three kinds of typical crowd:near arch crowd, conformity phenomenon and queuing phenomenon. Further analysisof the factors that may affect the ability to export the evacuation of two ways: Thefirst is a human factors, including individual factors and population factors, individualfactors affecting mainly depends on its location, quality and familiarity with theirsurroundings, groups the main factors affected the dissemination of information anddecision nonlinear interaction between individuals; The second is the matter because,here is the building material in the form of export structure, the impact of the exportstructure of the main evacuation capability exit width, the number of export andcorner angle three.Second, this paper detailed study affect the ability of people to evacuate thebuilding due to exports, by analyzing the characteristics of individual and group psychological reactions to face emergency situations, the use of game theory, researchmethods, the behavior of the people at the exit of two types: cooperative behavior andcompetitive behavior, and then established the evolutionary game model of the exit,the use of cellular automata to achieve the cooperation and competition betweenpeople. Concluded that cooperative behavior even in extremely critical moment willexist, but with the increase of the degree of reduced critical and evacuation time willincrease with the degree of environmental crisis and longer;In the evacuation process,the cooperative behavior of people will be too rational suppression, and thus lead toprolonged evacuation time, to some extent, is the cause of excessive rationalitydisasters; With the increase in the degree of herd populations, along with co-rategrowth, indicating that herd behavior to promote cooperation between the staff to beevacuated, but the evacuation time will increase the level of public entourageextended, especially in the relatively high degree of rationality, this the situation isparticularly evident, also illustrates the complexity of the evacuation process.Finally, the psychological characteristics of a typical crowd when faced with anemergency situation, based on Helbing’s social force model that has been improved.Social force model using the improved simulation platform based Anylogic simulatethe physical factors that affect the ability to evacuate the building exports, that affecttheir main form of export structure. This paper argues that the export structure ofthese three factors which affect the ability to evacuate the size, followed by the widthof the export, the export volume and corner angle, its impact are: With the exit widthincreases, along with diminishing evacuation time, and when the exit width is smaller(1.2m to3m between), the larger its value for the evacuation time effects, the width ofa small change in exports can lead to the evacuation time a large change; When theexit width reaches a certain value (exit width greater than or equal3m), regardless ofhow the value of exports increased width of the evacuation time tends to a constantvalue; Single and double export evacuation time is different, from818.35s to412.68s, fully illustrates the increase export quantity can effectively improve the efficiencyof evacuation, indicates that the number of the export has obvious effects inemergency evacuation, open backup in the case of emergency can effectively reducethe evacuation time. With the increase of the evacuation time and to extend the corner angle A is because people move inward, resulting in a relatively crowded outsideinward direct impact angle near the pedestrian and the pedestrian causes slowing thespeed of the rear, Other hand, because the corner is bound to the transfer direction ofthe pedestrian, on its first impact velocity, and the time spent with the decrease of thegrowth angle of the corner.