Analysis Of Land Use And Landscape Pattern Change And Its Driving Factors In Kazakhstan

Land use is the most prominent symbol of the landscape in the Earth’s surface system. Landscape pattern is the product of interaction between various natural environmental factors and socio-economic factors in a certain region. We can find out the formation of the landscape pattern and mechanism of action by studying the evolution of features of Landscape pattern. By means of the spatial and temporal dynamic analysis on landscape pattern and deeply dissecting the driving factors behind the evolution of landscape pattern, it can reflect the status of ecological environment changes objectively and coordinate human activities,in addition, it can provide the foundation for achieving healthy ecological environment development. Due to its features of severe deterioration of ecological environment, complexity and diversity of land use, being highly sensitive to environmental changes and of great differences of landscape, Central Asian region has become the focus of global land use and landscape patterns studies.Firstly, the article generalizes related research progress in land use and landscape pattern at home and abroad, such as the research of classification and dynamic monitoring of land use as well as quantitative, spatial and temporal characteristics, scale effect and driving mechanism research of landscape pattern evolution. Based on the summary of the existing research in land use and landscape pattern evolution analysis method, the author proposes the contents and technical routes of this article. The article takes land use data of whom in1990,2000and2010to summarize the land use changes of Kazakhstan in the past20years. By dividing Kazakhstan region into100km×100km grid area of the same size and calculating the landscape pattern indices of each grid, we can quantitatively analyze the distribution patterns of Kazakhstan internal landscape pattern and seize the discipline of landscape pattern evolution, in the meantime, From building two aspects of environmental factors, namely,human driving factors and environmental factors and using the method of multiple linear regression analysis, the author analysis the changes of driving factors in landscape pattern.Studies have shown that the overall landscape of Kazakhstan presents the trend of degree of fragmentation reduced, spatial concentration strengthened and the average area increased obviously. At the same time, the variation of AWMSI reflects the influence of human activities on the landscape patches. Changes in the SHDI and SHEI reflect that the landscape pattern of Kazakhstan during the study period due to all kinds of factors, especially the impact of human activities making the distribution of landscape types more single, and increasingly uneven, the dominate role of the minority of advantage landscape types become more and more stronger. Through multiple linear regression modeling analysis on driving factors of various types of landscape patches evolution, it can be seen that artificial landscape is of great importance to SWCI, population density, topography and other human drving factors, while grassland, water and other natural landscape are greatly influenced by natural driving factors. SHDI and SHEI have the highest sensitivity to population density, GDP Per Capita and other driving factors, while CONTAG and IJI have the highest sensitivity to LST, SWCI, surface undulation, etc.