Study On Evacuation Strategies In Case Of High-rise Buildings Fire By Passenger Elevators

The study of how to take advantage of the elevator evacuation in the high-rise buildings has become a hotspot in fire-fighting field after the 911 incident. Based on the research project of “the elevators used in high-rise buildings fire evacuation” of China Academy of Building Research, this paper is intended to study the evacuation strategy by using passenger elevators reasonably and efficiently in high-rise building fire.This paper first discusses the feasibility of using passenger elevators as a way of evacuation of high-rise building fire, and proposes measures to improve the safety and reliability of elevators evacuation. By analyzing the current high-rise building evacuation strategy and operation of the elevator and considering the structure of the building itself, the evacuation strategy with combined use of passenger elevators and stairs of a certain high-rise buildings. The evacuation model of the certain high-rise buildings is established using Pathfinder, and then the evacuation plans proposed in this paper are simulated based on the model. Finally, by changing the proportion of the people evacuated using passenger elevator, evacuation simulation is conducted, the fitting function between the elevator evacuation time and the ratio and the fitting function between the stair evacuation time and the ratio are Obtained, which based on methods of least square. Finally, the best proportion of people evacuated using passenger elevators is obtained by solving the two functions.In the evacuation planning suggested of this paper the elevators only stop at refuge floor and the first floor, all The people of the upper portion of the high-rise buildings use elevators to evacuate and The lower part use stairs, while the people of the central portion elevators and stairs can choose elevators and stairs both. The strategy proposed can improve the safety of efficiency of evacuation, for the architectural structure as well as psychological and personnel psychology and behavior in case of fire is considered. Meanwhile, the evacuation models are introduced and analyzed in this paper, and the formulas for calculating the time of stairs evacuation and elevators evacuation are given. In addition, this paper discusses the concrete solution for high-rise buildings evacuation by using passenger elevators safely and efficiently, the different schemes of evacuation process are analyzed, which has great reference value for planning evacuation strategy of high-rise buildings.