The Study Of Risk Evaluation Of Fire Compartments Existing In Large Commercial Buildings

Large commercial buildings have been built as the economy grows in China. These buildings, as mentioned earlier, in which lots of people are, may undergo a huge loss when accident happens. The accident may have quite bad effect.From the view of fire safety, there is a different between these buildings and people density. Based on that fact, the same types of construction may have different fire risk.However, fire compartment that is the most important indicator in fire safety is only controlled by its size, which can hardly indicate the safety of compartment. The current criterion of fire compartment leads to the lack of strategies when it comes to designing and managing the buildings. Meanwhile, performance-based fire safety has been applied to an increasing number of constructions which scale is much larger than ordinary ones. But the solid design basis and the safety performance of such buildings are being suspected by researchers. According to existing studies, the objects of risk assessment are commonly the buildings themselves but fire compartment. In conclusion, the safety of fire compartment existed in large commercial buildings, which is erected by current engineering criterion,deserves to be appraised.Because of analysis, the dissertation builds a risk-evaluation system, which is fit for assessing the fire risk of commercial buildings. The system uses fuzzy mathematics and analytic hierarchy process to accomplish the evaluation. The overall capacity of firefighting,including building information, building equipment and management of fire, and risk factors that can reflects the risk of each fire compartments, such as size, floor, separating ways, fire loads, people density, fire-proof performances of materials are both combined in the evaluation system. The system can not only reflect the relationship between the intact buildings and each fire compartments, but also qualify the risks of fire compartments.Afterwards, an example is taken to accomplish the evaluation, smoke spreading simulation,and evacuation, by using the system introduced in the paper. Through a series of working, the whole processes of the system is illustrated. The paper analyzes the effects location of fire, the methods of make-up air, the design smoke-proof staircase have on the results of building fire,pointing out that the importance of people density and walking velocity when it comes to evacuation.