| With the rapid development of industrialization, the urban ecological problem increased prominent. More and more attention are paid to the construction of urban ecological environment problems. The park green space is the basic elements of urban ecosystem. Park plant landscape ecological design theory and application research gradually become the focus of attention in recent years.Plant community is the important part in the city park green space units, and it is also the the basic guarantee for urban ecological system of material circulation and energy flow. It has the vital significance to construct sustainable urban ecological environment to put a high premium on the reasonable application of zonal vegetation and build a healthy, ecological function comprehensive park plant community landscape.Based on the urban park plant landscape ecological design as a research starting point, the paper studies three typical urban park plant landscape of Harbin, which are Zhao Lin park, Jing Yu park, and Daixiuhu park. The autor investigate and analyze the structure features, species diversity and ecological function of the park plant landscape. It used the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) from the effect of landscape structure, landscape ecological aesthetics and ecological function angle to build the urban park plant landscape evaluation system, then comprehensive evaluating the twenty-six typical plant community landscapes of the three urban park. The paper put forward the basic model and optimization adjustment strategy of Harbin city park plant landscape ecological design, completed the typical plant landscape ecological reconstruction design of Harbin Zhaolin park. The main research conclusions:1) Three Harbin parks totally have ninety-seven species, belonging to twenty-six subjects and fifty-one genera, applying the highly frequency plant species which are indigenous plants in Harbin area or long cultivation adapted naturalized plants species. It indicates that Harbin urban green space plant community with strong zonal characteristics on the floristic composition. The highest percentage of park plant community types that the type of arbor-shrub-lawn is 71%; The highest proportion of park vegetation type of needle broadleaf which mixed forest is 62%.2) The importance value sorting of the three park plant community tree species in the top is Ulmus pumila > Pinus sylvestri var.mongolica. > Salix matsudana > Quercus mongolica > Picea koraiensis. The highest frequency of appearance is elm in plant community. It show that elm as the city tree of Harbin plays a decisive role for each urban park plant landscape style.3) The plant community species richness and diversity of three parks are not high. Zhao Lin park plant community Margalef species richness index is averaged 1.539, Shannon-Wienner index is averaged 1.311, Pielou index is averaged 0.361; Jing Yu park plant community Margalef species richness index is averaged 1.905, Shannon-Wienner index is averaged 1.253, Pielou index is averaged 0.394; it show that the species richness and diversity are low. Those criterion can affect the park plant community ecological stability and landscape diversity.4) The obvious effect of noise reduction plant community are mainly Red-skinned spruce, poplar and so on like arbor construction In the three park. In this community types, it has the tree layer level, high crown density and abundant ground layer that coverage reached 90% or more; mixed broadleaf-conifer plant community that in the three park ascend large anion, including Pinus tebulaeformis var.mukdensis + Picea koraiensis + Tilia amurensis + Pyrus ussuriensis + Prunus maackii Rupr + Prunus padus L. those aero-anion concentration increase the most.5) It used the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) to build the Harbin urban park plant landscape ecological evaluation model:The first layer index is plant community landscape evaluation(A), The second layer consists of plant landscape(B1), Landscape ecological aesthetics effect(B2) as well as the ecological function(B3), and other indicators; The third layer is composed of species(C1), Community level(C2), Plant the seasonal(C3), Plant life force(C4), Ornamental plants(C5), Zonal characteristics(C6), The degree of noise reduction(C7), The air fresh degree(C8), and other indicators, The fourth layer includes further refine 17 specific indicators.6) Harbin city park plant landscape ecological evaluation showed that the comprehensive evaluation score of the three park plant landscape is not high.which is averaged 7.086. Among them, level â…¡ landscape is up to 80% which reach the amount of evaluation landscape. But level â… plant landscape is only 12%. Plant landscape composition and landscape ecological aesthetics effect account for much large proportion, but the proportion of ecological function is low. It states that Harbin urban park plant landscape ecological is weak, then it need to be further improved.7) It deeply discuss the ecological optimization strategy for the three park plant landscape in Harbin. Then put forward three kinds of plant landscape ecological design optimization strategy, which are closing type, empty type and sparse type, as well as 5 kinds of concrete forms of plant configuration. Finally take zhaolin park plant landscape ecological reconstruction design for instance, to realize the combination of theory research and practice research, looking forward to provide certain reference basis for Harbin city park plant landscape ecological design. |
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