Study On The Layout And Composition, Reappearance Of The Beijing City Wall In Ming-Qing Dynasties

The thesis is mainly on the research of Ming-Qing dynasty Beijing city wall, its layout and constitutes in particular. Based on the multiple surverying and mapping materials left in 1920s- 1950 s, this paper makes an visual rehabilitation to the Bejing city walls.Meanwhile, by recovering blueprints, models and calibration data of old photos,the database of Ming-Qing dynasty Beijing city wall system will be established.The layout study of Ming-Qing dynasty Beijing city walls is a systematic summary on the layout and its influncing factors of each sections of inner and outer city walls, after a detailed analysis on the Bejing city walls’ history. The main infulencing factors to inner and outer walls are military, etiquette, politics, economy,geolgy, religion,and status quo conditions, etc. Regarding city gates layout, the “Three Side Gates”theory recorded by the journeyman Guo Ying in Kao Gong Ji served as starting point, this paper studies the understanding and application of the “Three Side Gates" theory in Chinese ancient city gates; meanwhile, based on existing researches on Beijing inner city nine doors, it inteprets the overall layout features of Beijing city walls from the angle of the folklore“three heads- six arms- two feet" structure. The city gates are divided into two types: right-angle barbican gates and arc angle barbican gates. Starting from the reason why only Dongzhimen and Xizhimen in Beijing city gates are straight doors, the paper invesigates the city gate layout of Dongjingcheng, Jinzhongdu and Yuandadu in North Song dynasty, finding one feaure: the main gates are straight while the side gates are of arc, which conforms to the traditional Chinese “integrity culture" and possibly the city gate layout regulations in certain historical period.On the Ming-Qing dynasty Beijing city wall constitute, this study is conducted from the its assmantling parts such as elements, materials, technology and structure, and tries to find out the construction logic of Ming-Qing Beijing city walls. The constituent elements of Beijing city walls include city wall, city moat, city gate tower, watchtower building, barbican,embrasured watchtower, gate building,enemy watchtowers, corner platform, corner tower,bridle path,Shui Guan and other ancillary buildings,which are mutually connected,forming a complete set of strict defense system.The constituent materials of Beijing city wall are mainly soil, brick, stone and wood, which are built to wall by using the technology of mud brick rammed earth, bricklaying and send stamps. In accordance with the needs of the city wall’s defense function, the traditional civil architecture is distributed in the city wall. The constituent structure, based on the gap section data recorded in dismantling city walls, researches the formation of inner and out city walls, which also proves city walls’ evolution history.The main purpose of this restoration research on Ming-Qing dynasty Beijing city walls is to collate the large volume of data in a visualizable way, eliminate the error data, and keep the more reliable information for the disappearing Beijing city walls.