Study On The Human Evacuation And Rescue In Single Highway Tunnel For Subtended Traffic With Fire

With the rapid increasing of highway tunnel in our country, the issue of operational tunnels’ safety becomes particularly important. Currently, domestic and foreign scholars focus more on evacuation of people when the fire happened, and the judgment of personal safety is based on temperature and CO fixed threshold.Based on Harm Risk Value Model of Crane Modified Model and FED Death Model, this paper introduces the risk model of the combined harm effects of temperature and CO into the long single highway tunnel for subtended traffic fire evacuation and escape for the first time.The model of the ventilation and escape parallel pilot in the long single highway tunnel for subtended traffic is firstly introduced in this article. With the help of PHOENICS software, the 3D numerical simulation for the temperature and smoke fields under different fire heat release rate and tunnel ambient wind velocity is performed. And then, the controlled convective velocity of the main tunnel and parallel pilot tunnel are presented.Secondly, on the basis of Crane Modified Model and FED Death Model for personnel safety decision condition, the maximum available safe time under different fire heat release rate and ventilation velocity in some characteristic locations is obtained.Meanwhile, with the aid of Pathfinder evacuation software, the evacuation in tunnel fire jam condition is simulated and the necessary time of all people evacuation is achieved. Through the analysis of evacuation results and evacuation risk, a reasonable cross passage space of single highway tunnel for subtended traffic is proposed.Finally, based on the above results, a system of disaster prevention and relief in single highway tunnel for subtended traffic is presented and some reasonable advices are also proposed.