Research On Courtyard Acoustic Environment Of Rural Housing In Severe Cold Area Of Northeast China

Courtyard is called as open “living room”.For rural housing, courtyard is not only the place for farmer’s daily life and production, but also the space that can communicate emotion, it is also the barrier which against external intrusion as well. With the prosperity of the construction and the traffic development between urban and rural areas, the sound environment pollution problems increasingly highlight in the countryside, and the courtyard acoustic environment of house along the street is serious. However, this issue has not aroused people’s attention. How to create comfortable, quiet and healthy living environment in the new countryside construction, has become a vital research subject.This paper selects six typical villages and towns as research objects from the cold regions in the northeast of China, introduces the qualitative research method of "Grounded Theory", combines with the subjective survey and objective field measurement, systematically and deeply studies the courtyard acoustic environment of rural housing in severe cold regions by qualitative and quantitative analysis, and puts forward the corresponding design strategies.Firstly, on the basis of grounded theory, 36 local people have been semi-structured interviewed about subjective feelings of courtyard sound environment. Then the original data is coding analyszed step by step, six main categories are extracted, and the theoretical model of the affecting factors of courtyard acoustic environment on subjective evaluation has been constructed.Under the guidance of this theoretical model, 401 valid questionnaire responses have been received, though the questionnaire survey and field measurement of typical villages. The paper has a comprehensive understanding on the present situation and characteristics of courtyard sound environment in the countryside, by statistics and analysis of individual characteristics, acoustic comfort and satisfaction evaluation, affecting factors of courtyard acoustic comfort, and sound pressure level of courtyard and road.After that, the paper summarizs the type of the courtyard, selects four typical courtyards to fixed-point measurement, simulate and verify their effectiveness. Then the paper use effective model to simulate the affecting factors of courtyard sound environment under the influence of traffic noise, such as the depth of courtyard, architectural layout, the height and material of the fence, etc. Found that when the building facing to the road, the depth of front courtyard is more than 9m, or building a house along the street, or the height of brick wall above 1.8m, can dramatically improve the internal acoustic environment of courtyard.Finally, the paper optimizes the design of courtyard acoustic environment. The comprehensive noise control methods of courtyard are put forward, from the macroscopic rural residential planning, courtyard layout optimization to the selection of the noise reduction measures. Besides, some pleasant natural sounds and human sounds are added into the courtyard soundscape by introducing the waterscape, virescence and outdoor facilities, then a rich and harmonious courtyard soundscape is created. As a resalt, this paper provides the reference basis for courtyard acoustic environment of rural housing in severe cold area, from two aspects of noise control and soundscape.