Research On Design Of Subway Entrances In Winter Cities

Nowadays, subway station building has become one of the public build ings that people get contact to the most often due to the frequent subway travel of mordern people. The entrance of the subway as a connection point bridging each station to the whole city is the window of a station. Although the relevant practical experie nce is abundant, its theory is weak and without strong pertinences to different climates. And compared to the study of the whole stations, even less attention are paid to its entrance. So this paper choose to face the problem of the entrances and exits of the subway station in winter cities, and do some research about the independent subway entrances which are unable to be built combined with other buildings and heavily effected by the cold climate.Basing on the collecting and collating of the information of international and domestic subway constructions in winter cities, this study did field investigations of the subway entrances in cold cities including Harbin, Shenyang, Beijing and Tianjin, with observing and recording the data of subway entrances in di fferent functional district of each city. And questionnaire surveys and personal interviews in the light of the climate characteristics in cold region and the comfort of using subway entrances are also done to two main crowds including both designers and u sers, according to which this study summerized the subway users’ behaviors and demands in winter cities, and made several case analysis and comparisons by graphic language, and finally research the design techniques of subway entrances to meet the demands of both function and appearance in cold climate, under the guidance of economic, practical and beautiful. The main research results are as follows:In the aspect of functional design, first thing to do is to select the position of the entrances for both groups and individuals in the architectural plane, determine the plane mode basing on the difference of founction flows, organise module relationships according to users’ habits, and establish the connections with the subway station to complete the plane layout. And then link up the public and individual transportation inward and outward, organize traffic streamlines through three means including separation, avoidance and partition, and solve the organization problem of inward and outward overpass traffics with the use of signature and instructive guidance. Finally, put forward that thermal environment transition must be under overall consideration combined with special emphasis, and attention should be pay to the transition of time and space when dealing wit h the light environment, and only with the multilateral coordination of both light and temperature could the transition of psychological environment be achieved.In the aspect of morphological design, first determine the scale of the entrances according to the climate of the city where the subway entrance is located, and put the environment and form changes as a whole, and make the form of the entrance more energy saving through the combination of forms and structures. Then basing on the influence of the storm and snow in each dimension, put forward the interface expression mode including smoothen the slope, weaken the wind and shield snow, and other changes to adapt to cold climate. At last, through the refining, simplification and analysis of the morphological elements of the entrance, put forward four kinds of method to increase the vitality of the city in winter, including abstract extraction, selected injection, scene representation and fragment of complement.This paper attempts to find a design pattern and idea for subway entrances, which is featured, sustainable and more suitable for winter cities, so as to provide new ideas for subway entrance design and supplement the traffic building design theories in winter cities.