Research On Land Allocation And Layout Optimization Of Rural Public Open Space In Severe Cold Region

With the rapid development of urbanization in China, the problem of the imbalance between urban and rural areas is increasingly obvious. "Dirty, noisy and disorder" become the potential impression of people on the rural areas. In order to overcome this problem, rural development was listed as the focus of the next phase in the "The Twelfth Five Year Plan" of nation-building. The existing urban planning theory cannot be an effective adaptation to town and village planning because of the difference of production models and life-style between the rural areas and urban areas, so it is imminent to study the town and village planning. Public open space is the important component section and form the framework of rural space, which is the main space for activities of villagers. While in severe cold area, rural public open space is in the state of scarce and ignore the adaptation to the environment, which result in low utilization rate in winter and the scarcity of the spiritual and cultural activities. Based on this point, this paper choose rural public open space in severe cold area as the research object, studying the allocation indices and distribution from the view of accessibility, leisure quality, ecological features and compatibility, in order to achieve the goal of acclimatization, optimal land utilization and utilitarian and provide reference to town and village planning and construction.Firstly, the research achievement of rural public open space are concluded in this paper, and the types, characteristics and the relationship to town and village planning are described, as well as the influencing factors of rural public open space and the construction experiences from both domestic and international towns and villages are summarized. Secondly, the rural public open space data about the use demand and distribution are obtained through the questionnaire, observation and record of the four towns(township and villages under the jurisdiction) in severe cold area. The satisfaction, appeals and the necessity of spatial structure of each level are obtained to determine the quantity, types, size and service radius based on the analysis of all materials and data statistics method. The service scope of rural public open space investigation are analyzed through GIS spatial analysis, and the present situation of spatial distribution coverage rate are analyzed and evaluated, which combining with travel distance requirement in winter and the resolution of spatial distribution pattern and applicable town and village forms. The statistical analysis of distribution of green space, street space and domain space are made from the distribution of the elements such as size, shape, interface, facilities and sense of enclosure, combining with climate simulation technology to discover the existing problem and deficiency. Finally, the rural public open space planning strategy are put forward from the aspects of spatial allocation, distribution and arrangement combining with existing related standards and specifications according to the investigation results.The paper explore the town and village planning strategy applying to severe cold area, trying to establish the standard and method of rural public open space planning, and summarize the results and strategy to propose the public open space planning guidelines, which provide a theoretical guidance on village planning compilation and a reference to the related research.