Research On Residential Public Open Space Design Based On Characteristics Of Children's Behavior In Different Seasons

Playing outside is an important condition for the healthy physical and mental development of children.The ministry of education suggests that children should spend no less than two hours in outdoor activities every day.Public open space in residential areas is an important space carrier for children's activities.Children aged 2-6 years old have become one of the most frequent users of such space due to their sufficient time,limited activity scope and limited ability.The seasonal change of cities in cold regions has significant impacts on children's activity characteristics.As the main carrier of children's activities,the residential public open space design responding to the seasonal changes of these characteristics is very important.This study aims to explore the design strategy of outdoor activity space in urban residential areas in winter cities to create more suitable activity space for children in different seasons,so as to improve children's outdoor activity level throughout the year and help children grow up healthily.First,the physical and mental characteristics of children,space needs and influencing factors,and the characteristics of outdoor activities in cold residential areas and other theoretical basis are studied.This paper chooses three typical open public spaces of Zhongbei residential area,Ouzhou residential area and Hengxiangcheng residential area in Harbin to do the on-the-spot investigation in warm season,transition season and cold season.Study concludes the population characteristics of children in different seasons.Children's outdoor activities according to the nature of the activities can be divided into five types namely,functional activity,sports,games,equipment of cognitive activities and learning,according to the contact way can be divided into individual and group activities.The types of children's outdoor activities in different seasons are statistically analyzed.The spatial and temporal characteristics of children's outdoor activities in different seasons are summarized.The basic situation of open public space in three residential areas was analyzed,and the air temperature,average wind speed and solar radiation intensity of space were measured in different seasons.The existing problems of open public space in residential areas are put forward.On this basis,the relationship between children's activity characteristics in different seasons and open public space and microclimate in residential areas was analyzed.Finally,with this as basis,it puts forward the spatial design strategies of residential area from three aspects of goal orientation,spatial layout and environment construction.This article focuses on the outdoor public space activities of children in cold cities,through on-the-spot investigation and data analysis to study the children's characteristics of different seasons and explore its relationship with space and micro climate.Using the children's activity rules obtained from the study,the design strategy is proposed,which has certain guiding significance for the construction and transformation of open public space in winter cities.