The Research Of Yashu Garden Art In Western Sichuan Zhou Kejia

Yashu is a place where ancient Chinese officials handle official business and is also a symbol of state power to rule a region. With the implementation of prefectures system since Qin and Han dynasties, ancient officials had to make tenure in different places and were frequently moved, and their offices and accommodation were provided by the state. In Tang and Song dynasties, due to social prosperity, local governments were involved in the construction of gardens. Some just did greening ornament in the courtyards, other would build a backyard garden, and then finally formed Yashu consisting of three parts including "office", "accommodation" and "garden". In addition, though some gardens built by officials were separated from Yashu buildings, they were built to provide places where official could gather together, have a banquet and enjoy themselves. So these kinds of gardens together with the former ones make up this unique classic garden.Yashu garden is a branch of Chinese classical garden system, but the related research is quite less. In history most sufferring from battles or dynasty replacement had been wasted, even if some survived, most of them were kept in other types of garden, which had already lost the provincial garden characteristics. So these increase the difficulty of the research. However, Yashu garden in Western Sichuan shooted in the pre-Qin, flourished in Ttang and Song dynasty, contained both Western Sichuan regional style, and reserved the official characteristics, so they took a place in the Western Sichuan classical gardens. At present many scholars have carried deep researches on the history, landscape structure, landscape art and cultural connotation of the Western Sichuan Yashu garden. However, many cases focused on some individual gardens, lack of systematic and integrity.This article took wWestern Sichuan region representative Yashu garden as early as the Tang and Song dynasties as the research objects, trying to analysis landscape characteristics of Western Sichuan Yashu garden from the perspective of system and integrity. Study adopted the method of literature collection, field investigation, analysis, induction, etc, with access to relevant research and survey photography for the scene data summarized the artistic features of the Western Sichuan Yashu garden.This article content mainly includes three parts:Part one, introduced basic situation of local Yashu construction, analysed official psychological activity from the hierarchical concepts, the pursuit of the ideal personality and so on; then briefly discussed construction regulation of local Yashu buildings and gardens, to foreshadow for the follow-up study. Part two, from the macro level to explore some factors affecting the formation of Western Sichuan Yashu garden, including natural factors, political factors, economic factors and cultural factors; then explore the Western Sichuan Yashu garden development through various periods of foundation, prosperity, decline, reconstruction; analysed Yashu garden social functions; and divided Yashu garden into these four classes:official garden, independent provincial garden, pavilions and post garden, according to the location of the gardens, construction purpose, characteristics, etc. Part three, is the focus of this article, rom the micro-level analysed the location of Western Sichuan Yashu garden has a characteristic as being central, high, expose to sun, and with convenient transportation; Yashu garden took higher share in urban landscape, Yashu garden and the urban landscape learn from each other; then divided Yashu garden into three parts according to space size and surrounding enclosure, and explore the layout characteristic of each type; and finally analysed the characteristics of the landscape elements and cultural connotations of the Yashu garden.On the basis of above, this paper summarized the characteristics of the Western Sichuan Yashu garden. First from related study on Yashu garden, it could be seen that the dependent properties of Yashu garden, belonged to the " government property", so it was "official garden". Secondly, from the influence factors of Western Sichuan Yashu garden and the historical evolution found out various types of Yashu garden, then analyzed its social functions, and it was concluded that Yashu garden not only was the main place for official feasts and touring, but also had a variety of functions, which meant it was formed as a "synergy" organic whole. And on the basis of the classification, the article analysed its garden art characteristics, from site selection, relationship with the urban landscape pattern, space layout, landscape elements, etc, These four characteristics included:"location was superior, to view the whole city", " magnificent to establish official power", "ritual order, status difference"," landscape permeability, style simplicity ". And then summarized from the humanities connotation, it had the characteristics of "public open space, and have fun with the citizen".