| Forest Park is an important natural ecosystem unit, and it is also the main destination of national leisure tourism. With the rapid development of social economy, the demand for leisure tourism has become more and more strong. How to avoid the negative influence produced by tourism development of Forest Park in the soil, vegetation, water quality and wildlife plant environment, is the key to the sustainable development of Forest Park Tourism and the main purpose of ecological suitable study. Based on these, this paper selected 10 factors closely related to Forest Park as evaluation indexes, and established ecological suitability evaluation index systems in four types of major tourism development. Taking Yixing Bamboo Forest Park as an example, we built a spatial niche-fitness model of tourism development, which concluded the quantitative and qualitative evaluation on ecological suitability analysis of tourism development from the space in Yixing Bamboo Forest Park. With the aid of RS and GIS technology, we obtained the visualization results of spatial analysis.This paper is divided into seven parts. The first chapter discusses the research background and research significance, and identifies the research framework and methods. The second chapter elaborates the related concepts and the theoretical foundation. The third chapter reviews the main methods of ecological suitability analysis used by the domestic and foreign scholars. The fourth chapter outlines the research area, and constructs the evaluation index system according to the factor selection principle and the related theoretical foundation, as well as introduces data processing used by GIS. In the fifth chapter, according to the quantitative results, there has a visual evaluation of land suitability results of tourism development in Yixing Bamboo Forest Park, and on the basis of "Ecological Priority" principle, the spatial planning advices of future tourism development are given. The sixth chapter is the main conclusions and research prospect.The paper made some conclusions as follows:(1) Based on land suitability evaluation methods, the study used the ecological niche-fitness evaluation model to quantify the ecological factors, and achieve an overlay through Raster Calculator of ArcGIS. The visualization of results helps to examine how reasonable forest Park planning is.(2) In this paper, on the basis of research of various factors combined of natural, social and economic niche subjects, in total 10 factors were selected considering the local conditions, in which the Yixing Bamboo Forest Park was constructed through the niche-fitness model for tourism development.(3) In the process of choosing ecological suitability evaluation factors, besides taking traditional aspects of the environment, resources, economic and social factors into account, we should also make clear that through special influences of different types of tourism development sites the same evaluation factors can arise.(4) Unlike the traditional ecological factors superposition method used on land suitability evaluation research, this paper made use of RS/GIS software technology to achieve an overlay through Raster Calculator of ArcGIS, which reduced the effect of factors impacted by subjective assumptions in the evaluation process. Thereby, the evaluation results are more objective.(5) The study divides tourism development into four types:"ecological protection", "sightseeing", "entertainment experience" and "commercial service". The analysis diagrams shows that because of suitable ecological sensitivity in the Bamboo Forest Park, all tourism development and construction must take ecological protection as a basic premise; the tourism development type "sightseeing" got the highest degree of suitability within these four types of development land methods; "entertainment experience" development land method was most heavily affected by the attraction factor and the accessibility factor; accommodation and dining spots in the area should be situated near the tourism region, near the main road, with a suitable range of 50-100 meters.(6) Based on the principle of "ecological priority", this paper divided the eco-tourism area into water parks and cultural park, sightseeing areas with deep oxygen, religious cultural district, bamboo and tea experiencing area, entrance reception area, business service area, which formed a spatial framework of "one garden and five districts". There were also some recommendations such as further clarifying the object and scope of ecological protection, additional ornamental landscapes, rational development of entertainment projects, as to promote the traveling value of forest park, enhance the cultural appeal.The biggest innovative point of this study lies in the GIS theory and method, including the spatial network analysis, buffer analysis of the degree of spatial adjacent, density analysis and spatial overlay analysis based on raster data, to achieve geographic attributes, the composition of multi-dimensional properties and the division of space areas, etc. Based on different types of tourism development, different suitability was influenced by geographic related factors in the research area. This is expressed through the map, which can make the evaluation results more accountable and more accurate.In the future, we could continue the study in following three aspects:First, how to determine the spatial scale of the evaluation unit, whether based on the administrative divisions, land use type, soil type, or to be divided into several raster, it is worth further exploring. Second, reasonable selection of all evaluation factors, including the weights and the threshold values; Third, when difference between the ecological function division and tourism development functional area arises, how to make a proper judgement and make the right choice. |
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