Study On Smoke Spread And Personnel Evacuation In Fire Of A Student Apartment

With the economy developed in our country and the number of college students in high school surged, more and more new high-rise dormitory buildings are built. These high-rise apartments are mostly within the student gallery-style building structure, and each room furnished numerous and closely. The fire evacuation distance becomes longer, due to a lot of combustible material carried by students who live there. On the other hand, most students congest at the exit when the fire occurs, less crowded space and the high number of layers of floors lead to evacuation more difficult and thus cause the fire situation more seriously. So as to the safety of the person who lived in senior student apartments, enable more students to safety in case of fire escape, and enhance the security of campus dormitory. In this paper, the performance of the guiding ideology are used to study whether the persons who live in the high-rise student apartment can evacuate safety when the fire break out, and the purpose are to prepare a emergency evacuation case for some college school and provide a reliable basis for performance-based evacuation design.Firstly, combined the actual situation and based on the theoretical analysis of the process of fire development, we conclude the fire load density, the maximum heat release rate and the fire growth model etc. After that we introduce the method of determining the safety of personnel evacuation time, the calculation method of evacuation and fire occurrence time criterion of human life.Through the FDS software which is using for simulating the student apartment when it fires, as currently, there is no mechanical apartment with smoke, but by the natural ventilation, we test the different probing cigarette gas layer height, the content of CO and CO2, the temperature and visibility, compared with the maximum amount of these indicators whose person are able to bear, in the most unfavorable scenario. And then the personnel safety evacuation time can be calculated when the fire appeared to. Compared with the time required for the safe evacuation through the available safe evacuation time, we found that the current status of an apartment is that not everyone can evacuate safety in case of fire.This paper has studied the influences which include the smoke produced, toxic gases, high temperatures in case of fire, of personnel evacuation in the hallway where the mechanical exhaust are installed. The results showed that, after increasing the mechanical corridor smoke when the fire broke out, security personnel can be evacuated. In view of this, some reasonable suggestions and comments of fire protection designs for the students’ apartments are proposed in this paper finally.