Research On The Evaluation System Of Urban Earthquake Disaster Avoidance Space Structure

The urban disaster prevention space is composed of the emergency shelter space and the fixed shelter space. It is the life support line of the city when the earthquake happened. If it can provide adequate emergency and fixed number of space to avoid disaster and the layout is reasonable, can reduce casualties. And the premise of the reasonable urban disaster prevention space is the evaluation of urban shelter space structure.In this paper, through literature review, Li Ke’s special scale method, principal component analysis, analytic hierarchy process, field research and GIS technology and other related methods and techniques for the evaluation of the spatial structure of the earthquake disaster in small cities of mountainous region. First of all, through the literature review and collation of the national norms, respectively, summed up the small city of mountain region emergency disaster assessment indicators 15 and fixed to avoid disaster spatial evaluation indicators 16. After that, the evaluation index was selected by the expert questionnaire,And completed for emergency and fixed space structure to avoid disaster evaluation index of KMO measure and Bartlett sphere test, reliability test. Respectively by principal component method to extract the fixed and emergency around the connection strength of spatial distribution, service security strength, three common factors in item evaluation index and feedback are modified according to the expert questionnaire and hierarchical structure model is established. In the end, the evaluation index system of the spatial structure of the seismic disaster avoidance of small cities in mountainous areas was constructed by the analytic hierarchy process (ahp).Secondly, this research takes the Dongchuan area as the object, and carries on the appraisal to the Dongchuan city earthquake disaster emergency and the fixed shelter space layout. Using ArcGIS technology and other methods to realize the data of emergency and fixed disaster avoidance space evaluation index, The lack of spatial structure of seismic disaster avoidance in Dongchuan area is obtained directly. Through the data of the substitution of refuge spatial structure evaluation index system, the earthquake resistance of Dongchuan District to avoid disaster spatial structure to conduct a comprehensive evaluation.Finally, the results of this study show that the urban area of Dongchuan city (2015), the total score of the spatial structure of seismic disaster avoidance is 6.53, which is in a poor C evaluation level, and there are many problems in the spatial structure. Specific conclusions are:1, the demand point and avoid disaster emergency recently around space accessibility between the average time of 5.25 minutes on foot, demand point and avoid disaster recently fixed around space accessibility between average 14.1 minutes on foot; 2, emergency disaster avoidance between space and recently fixed around space accessibility on average 10.8 minutes on foot, between fixed around space accessibility overall accessibility on average 49.8 minutes on foot; 3, emergency shelter disaster prevention space between recent medical relief facilities up to the average car time 3.18 minutes with a fixed obstacle between disaster prevention space and medical relief facilities up to the average car time 9.78 minutes; 4. The effective rate of emergency shelter space connection is 100%, and the effective rate is 75%;5, emergency disaster disaster area inside the space efficiency of 53.6%, fixed disaster area disaster recovery efficiency of 49.5% internal space;6, the fixed number of emergency facilities in the emergency room to avoid disaster space is 50%;7, the effective utilization rate of emergency shelter space is 100%, and the effective utilization rate of fixed disaster avoidance space is 100%;8, the emergency shelter space effective area of service coverage rate of 29.6%, fixed disaster area service coverage rate of 79.3%;9, the emergency shelter space to repeat the service rate of 66.1%, fixed to avoid disaster spatial repetition rate of 86.4%; 10, emergency shelter space service population allocation gap 52138 people, fixed disaster shelter space service population allocation gap 3622 people; 11, the per capita emergency shelter space service area is 4.42m2, the per capita fixed to avoid disaster spatial service area is 8 m2; 12, and geological hazards in the area to maintain a safe distance from the emergency shelter of the proportion of 50%, and geological hazards to maintain a safe distance from the location of the fixed proportion of disaster avoidance space 46.8%; 13, with a major hazard to maintain a safe distance from the emergency shelter of the proportion of 66.1%, with a major hazard to maintain a safe distance from the fixed proportion of disaster avoidance space 68.3%. On the basis of this research, some suggestions are put forward to optimize the spatial structure of the earthquake disaster in Dongchuan.