Study On Thermal Environment Of Rural Primary And Secondary School Buildings In Winter In Northwestern Areas

Affected by the level of economic development, there is no straightforward heating design standard and technical measurement in northwestern rural areas, which is different from city areas. Thus the indoor thermal environment of rural primary and secondary school buildings in winter in northwestern areas is poor. To improve the thermal environment becomes the main demands of local primary and secondary school students, on condition that we need to know the thermal demand of students.As a learning place with crowded students, the indoor thermal environment quality in classroom should not only meet the student’s comfort requirements, should also take the impact on the learning efficiency into account. Compared with adults, primary and secondary school students have higher metabolism level, more sensitive than adults of the thermal environment.Therefore, primary and secondary school students have its unique requirements on the indoor thermal environment, the thermal comfort standard contraposed the city office and college teaching building does not necessarily apply to rural primary and secondary school buildings. At present, research on indoor thermal environment in our country mainly concentrated in the city office buildings, residential buildings and urban college building, less involved the rural primary and secondary school buildings.In this paper, we take the method of thermal comfort field studies. Thermal comfort for students and thermal environments of rural primary and secondary school classrooms has been investigated. It was conducted at 14 primary and secondary schools in 33 classrooms in the Shaanxi, Gansu and Qinghai provinces of northwest China, including a questionnaire survey of 1206 students. The main research results are as follows:(1) Obtained the basic parameters of rural primary and secondary school buildings in winter in northwestern areas, clothing thermal resistance and thermal sensation distribution to indoor thermal environment of stuents.(2) Get the thermal sensation of evaluation model between MTS and operating temperature, the students’ neutral temperatures are 14.4℃,14.7℃, and 13.8℃, respectively in Shaanxi, Gansu and Qinghai provinces. There is a large deviation between PMV and MTS no matter in heating classroom or non-heating classroom.(3) The comfortable temperature ranges of 90% of students’ satisfaction are 12.7℃~16.9℃,11.9℃~17.1℃,and 15.8℃~18.7℃, respectively. The thermal expectations are 15.3℃, 15.6℃ and 16.2℃, respectively, higher than neutral temperatures.(4) The adaptive coefficients λ were obtained according to the measured data and the questionnaire result, and then the adaptive predicted mean vote(aPMV) model can be well used to evaluate the students’ mean thermal sensation. The primary and secondary school students have stronger adaptability to indoor thermal environment tending to cold, but are sensitive to that tending to warm.(5) Established the quantitative relationship between indoor thermal environment and students’ learning efficiency based on field test data in Gansu provinces. The results showed that the students’ Index of Mental Capacity is higher under cooler environment, more conducive to study.The varied temperatures and the adaptive model results from the research provided the basis for indoor thermal environment design and evaluation of primary and secondary schools in the rural area of northwest China.