Study On External Public Space Environment In Outpatient Building Of Large General Hospitals In Chongqing’s Main Urban Zone

The external environment of the outpatient building, as an important part of the external environment of the general hospital, is the first place to be perceived, experienced and used by people in the process of connecting closely to urban space due to the special location. Its favorable environment conditions make it convenient for people for medical treatment to reach destination and reduce their physical fatigue, better eliminate their tension, irritability, anxiety and other negative emotions psychologically, and help restore the patients’ conditions to achieve better health outcomes and serve as a window to show the image of general hospitals.Chongqing is a typical mountain city, and the outpatient building ’ s external environment of comprehensive hospitals is affected by site conditions, road, field, buildings and other factors; therefore landscape design itself is complex. In addition, faced with the annually increasing number of medical treatment, unreasonable layout of medical resources, the lack in total volume of health resources and other relevant problems, coupled with the social, economic, science and technology development, it has become a major trend to renovate or expand outpatient buildings in recent years, whose external environment and landscape also receive much attention. It is of great significance in future landscape design to look for environmental conditions that match with urban development and meet the needs of different groups through studies on the outpatient building’s external environment in Chongqing.The paper first carries out discussion about the historical development of the hospitals’ environment and the course of change and development of related design concepts.Then it runs on-site research on the outpatient building’s external environment of 19 representative Class Ⅲ Grade Ⅰ hospitals in the main urban areas with the environmental psychology, architecture exterior space design theory, landscape and green space planning, mountain environmental features research as the theoretical basis, and picks out 13 sites based on the complete situation of the environment and caries out analysis and summary of them from four aspects of users, land, spatial form and elements of the environment. That is to say, the paper first caries out analysis on the basic needs of different types of users from physical, psychological and social as well as the different behaviors from activity, human flow and spatial distribution. Then it classifies them into ascending, descending, flat, frontage, far-from-street and analyzes their characteristics from the different land use situations. Again, it analyzes features of existing spatial forms from spatial functions, space limits, spatial sequence and spatial scale of the environment and explores the relationship between human and space forms from both vision and movement. Whereafter, staring from the six elements of road, field, greening, water, facility and boundary protecting surface, combining with questionnaires and related interviews, it conducts analysis of the successes and shortcomings of the environment in terms of landscape. Finally, it summarizes measures and methods and design principles to enhance the environmental quality from the perspective of landscape design, based on relevant theoretical research and field survey results.This paper carries out researches and analysis on the basis of the outpatient building’s external environment of representative comprehensive hospitals in Chongqing, reveals the harmony and contradiction among users, urban space and the environment, and obtains ways to improve the environmental quality. This study can be expected to provide some inspiration and reflection for the future renovation, expansion or construction of the outpatient building’s external environment of mountain general hospitals, make designers pay more attention on user-friendly environment design.