| After the founding of the new "sino-soviet alliance" only existed for more than ten years, thereal "honeymoon period" are just a few years, but the influence of the Soviet union to the modernand contemporary China is very extensive and profound. Until today, from the organizationalsystem and the name of the party, the government intervention role prominent economic system,cultural system, and then to the old familiar Soviet red songs "katyusha", and even the urbanplanning and the management system of state-owned enterprises, the trace of the Soviet model arealso visible. But since the influence of change of economic system in China is not that the SovietUnion began in1949, the founding of new China, but in the early republic of China in the1930s,China started learning the Soviet intelligentsia of planned economy. It can be said that China’splanned economy road almost become a general consensus at the time in one’s hand up and down.And not all talk the national government before the Anti-Japanese War, the Anti-Japanese War andafter all the planned economy has carried on the beneficial exploration to development hasaccumulated rich practical experience.History is cut constantly, in modern Chinese history, but also has its continuity andinheritance. New China inherit legacy of the planned economy of the republic of China and thesystem introduced the orthodox soviet-style central planning economic model. In more than nameunder the help of the Soviet Union experts, after five plans of temper polished, the framework ofplanned economy system preliminary set up in China, but the disadvantages of the series of diealso gradually exposed. After1958, under the slogan of "is a guide to Sue", Mao led twoovercorrect "decentralization" large-scale reform movement, has just set up a centrally plannedeconomy was destroyed. Although in the following two economic recovered in the"consolidation", but it was already gone. Instead of su shi rational planning is effective "sportseconomy" s revolutionary war, by resorting to the revolutionary passion, organize large-scalemass movement to promote China’s economic leap type development. The planned economy iswith intensive adapt to the industrialized production of the modern economy, and sports economyis based on a base with scattered small peasant economy, production of traditional agriculturalsociety that can meet the needs of the economy. Chinese sports economy and su shi greatlydifferent its interest of planned economy, its essence is the "centralized, rationalism, scientism andelitism experts" governing the country with the "fragmented, romantic, anti-intellectualism,populist mass movement" and the dividing line between the opposites. Everywhere, two kinds ofsystem operation mechanism and running effects are very different from the ones they are.Qualitative about economic system before reform, therefore, this article does not the same, butreally think "exogenous" planned economy in China was set up by the avalanche was destroyedby the mass movement, the movement of "endogenous" economy just follows "appearance" ofplanned economy. Su shi rational planned economies in China, there are many reasons for the "dieyoung" youth, and backward economic basis and Mao’s personal likes and dislikes are twodecisive factors. Due to the actual plan economy after1958was abandoned, so that the nature of China’s mostoriginal in the sense of economic reform, and the Soviet union and eastern Europe is verydifferent, not to break the planned economy to market economy, but farewell sports economy,restore the Soviet insist for a long time,"five" period in China had set up the Soviet centralplanning. Because before the reform of economic system (that is, the starting point) reformradically different, determines the sino-soviet two countries to the difficulty of the reform and theactual effect of the differences. Is the so-called "against the motion of the tao", the former plannedeconomy operation is successful, which increases the difficulty of the transition, this makes thereform of the former Soviet union as "long march" a pain, and the Chinese sports economy causeconfusion and inefficiency, makes the reform become "a pleasant trip. Sports economy is both themarket and the plan, so compared with the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, India, China’sreform with "return to the market" and "reconstruction" double advantage. At the beginning of thereform and opening up, the planned economy to recovery and reconstruction in China, marketeconomy also stirring outside the system. In the eighty s had a plan and market reciprocal"double-track" period, after1992years of the communist party of China on the14th, China’sreform was not completely to the market economy, plan was to the fundamental economic decline,and gradually become relics.This paper argues that the planned economy in China has experienced "three up three falls":In1930-1957, planned economy contribute ideas to the system construction, this is an "up";In1958-1961, the first "decentralization" badly damaged by the reform of the plannedeconomy, this is a "fall";In1962-1965, the economic reorganization to "right", part of the economic recovery plan,this is the second "up";In1966-1974, the second "decentralization" reform again hit the fragile of planned economy;this is the second "fall";In1975-1991, the planned economy to recover, and double-track system of market economy,this is three "up";In1992-1992, market-oriented reform deepening, the planned economy gradually decline,this is three "fall".We from the planned economy in China, the emergence, variation and decline of the "threeup three fall" can clearly find the changes of the economic system of China in modern times,natural economyâ†'planned economyâ†'mass movement economyâ†'planned economyâ†'marketeconomy. |
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