China-US Innovation Policy Intersectoral Comparative Study Of Coordination

Innovation policy as a "integration" concept is to create a national innovation environment, construction-related policies at the national innovation system by organic combination and mutual coordination of the related policy(including technology, finance, taxation, finance, government procurement, intellectual property, human resources, education and innovation policies and related macroscopic economic, trade, investment, industry, competition policy). The 1978 National Science and Technology Conference as a starting point, China has implemented a strategic plan related to four times innovation, which has made remarkable achievements. To achieve the goal stepping an innovative country ranks by 2020, the Chinese government at all levels, departments have introduced a number of innovative policies, the most important issue is to achieve the synergy of innovation policies at all levels of government and all sectors of cross-border cooperation. From a global perspective, the United States is a typical successful country by implementing the national innovation policies. In a sense, the success of the U.S. economy stems from a series of innovation policy to promote science and technology in the 1980 s.The United States and China are unitary and federal country respectively, the two countries have different interagency coordination model of innovation policy. The United States presents "checks and balances- cooperation" mode, China presents "Level-Linear" mode. Different interagency coordination model also produce the different results of innovation policy, the comparative study of two countries can explore the advantages and disadvantages, and analyze the US policies and practices for reference to China. China Innovation Policy Research Report which was made by OECD has pointed out: China innovation policy still has many problems, most of the problems were connected with the lack of national innovation system function due to the ineffective cross-sectoral coordination of China’s innovation policy. In contrast, the United States has achieved a very good cross-sectoral coordination of innovation policy. Therefore, to learn the successful experience by comparative study of Sino-US innovation policy cross-sectoral coordination mechanisms has an important reference and guiding role for our 2020 strategic objectives into innovative country.The paper research the national innovation system of the two countries. The first part analyzes the role of the innovation participants in the two countries by comparative analysis of the role in the two national innovation systems of government, enterprises, universities, research institutions. The second part studies the main coordination state formed by the innovation participants in the two countries and compares the advantages and disadvantages of the main interagency coordination model between the two countries by further analyzing the main mode of the inter-departmental coordination between the two countries. The third part determines the operation situation of innovation policy interagency coordination from two aspects of internal and external coordination on the level of the formulation and describes the interagency coordination condition of the two countries on the level of practice in the case of energy innovation program in the United States and China’s 2011 plan. The fourth part measures the intensity of the two crosssectoral coordination and coordination level from R & D operation level through the establishment of quantitative analysis model, according to the measurement results. The last part puts forward to optimize China’s innovation policy cross-sectoral coordination mechanisms learning from the successful experience of American innovation policy interagency coordination mechanism on the level of structure, system and l mechanism.