Effects Of Mulching Measures On Nutrient And Growth And Fruiting Of Camellia Oleifera Abel Forest

Camellia oleifera Abel is a unique woody edible oil tree species in China.Camellia oleifera Abel is a more drought resistant tree species,but it is very sensitive to soil moisture in the period of flower bud differentiation,fruit growth and oil transformation,and the main producing area of C.oleifera Abel is often drought,the supply of soil water is insufficient,and the nutrient can not be transported normally,which seriously affects the high yield and stable yield of C.oleifera Abel.Mulching as a water conservation measure can effectively improve soil water conditions and nutrient transport environment,and promote plant growth and development.In order to explore the effects of mulching measures on nutrient and growth and fruiting of C.oleifera Abel forest,the paper mainly took "Chang Lin 4" C.oleifera Abel as the test object,with peanut straw + rice straw,ecological film,Camellia shell and black film covering 4 kinds of materials as the cover treatment,and carried out the research on the location investigation,and focused on the determination of the key growth and development of C.oleifera Abel.Morphological index,nutrient index and fruit economic traits were detected,and the difference of coverage measures was analyzed,and their effects were evaluated and screened.The main results are as follows:(1)Mulching measures significantly affected soil nutrient index of C.oleifera Abel.Compared with CK,mulching is more conducive to the accumulation of soil available N,available P,available K and organic matter.In 2016,ecological membrane treatment was significantly more conducive to the accumulation of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen and organic matter content in the soil of pumping period to fruit maturity,and the treatment of black film on the content of effective phosphorus in the soil of fruit ripening to dormancy period was obviously promoted.The peanut stalk+straw treatment had a significant effect on promoting the content of available potassium in the soil during the period of tipping and fruit ripening.In 2017,black plastic film treatment significantly promoted the accumulation of soil available phosphorus and organic matter content from the top stage to the fruit expansion stage.Among the 5 mulching measures,the soil nutrient accumulation effect of black mulch was the best.(2)Mulching measures can effectively promote nitrogen accumulation in old leaves,new leaves,branches,roots,flowers and fruits.The accumulation of nitrogen in old leaves,new leaves,branches and fruits was obviously promoted by the peanut straw + straw treatment in 2016,and the accumulation of nitrogen in the black soil membrane was more obvious.In 2017,the black film treatment could obviously promote the accumulation of nitrogen nutrients in the fruit expansion period to the fruit maturity,and the nitrogen content of the new leaves,branches,roots and fruits of the peanut straw + rice straw during the fruit expansion period to the fruit ripening period were all significantly higher.Generally speaking,the accumulation of nitrogen was better in black soil film and peanut straw + straw treatment.(3)Compared with the control,the mulching measures could promote the accumulation of total phosphorus in C.oleifera Abel.In 2016,the effect of ecological membrane treatment on the accumulation of phosphorus content in fruit expansion period and fruit maturity stage was obvious,and Camellia shell treatment significantly promoted the accumulation of phosphorus content in the fruit expansion period and fruit maturity stage;the black plastic membrane treatment on the phosphorus content of the branches and roots of fruit expansion period to fruit maturity stage It is more obvious.In 2017,peanut straw + straw treatment had significant effect on promoting the increase of root and fruit phosphorus content during fruit expansion to fruit ripening stage.Among the 5 mulching measures,peanut straw + straw treatment had better accumulation effect,and ecological film and black mulch treatment were also better.(4)The effects of mulching treatments on potassium nutrient content of C.oleifera Abel.In 2016,the accumulation of potassium content in the old leaves,branches and root of the fruit ripening period was more beneficial to the black film treatment,and the accumulation effect of the potassium content in the peanut straw + straw treatment was also better,and the oil tea shell treatment also had a certain effect on the accumulation of potassium content in the tree body.In 2017,the effect of the ecological membrane treatment on the accumulation of potassium content in the new leaves and branches during the ripening period to the dormancy period was obvious,and the accumulation of potassium content in the root and flower of the fruit was obviously promoted by the black film.In addition,the peanut straw + straw treatment also promoted the accumulation of potassium in the fruit.Among the 5 mulching measures,the accumulation of potassium in trees with black plastic film was the best.(5)Mulching measures significantly promoted plant height,ground diameter,crown breadth and leaf area of C.oleifera Abel,and also had a certain effect on fruit diameter and fruit height.The treatment of black plastic film is more beneficial to the growth of the height,canopy,leaf area and fruit of C.oleifera Abel,and the effect of peanut stalk + straw on the growth of ground diameter and fruit diameter of C.oleifera Abel is obvious.For the growth and fruit growth of C.oleifera Abel,black plastic film treatment and peanut straw + straw treatment are important measures.(6)The coverage measures not only help to increase the fruit weight and fruit quantity,but also reduce the water content of fresh seeds,increase the seed yield and oil yield of the fruit,and thus increase the yield of the fruit.Especially,the effect of the black plastic film treatment is most obvious,and it is the most helpful to increase the seed yield and oil yield of the fruit,and the effect of peanut straw + straw treatment on increasing the weight of single fruit is better,and the effect of ecological membrane treatment to increase the quantity of fruit is better.(7)The correlation analysis shows that the nutrient of C.oleifera Abel forest is closely related to the growth and seed setting indexes under the covering measures.The coverage can effectively promote the accumulation of soil nutrients and the nutrient of the tree body,and help the growth of the tree and fruit of Camellia oleifera Abel,and then improve the yield of C.oleifera Abel.(8)According to principal component analysis,the order of the 5 treatments was black plastic film > peanut stalk + straw > ecological membrane > Camellia shell > control.