Research Of The Formula Fertilization By Soil Testing On Tomato

At present, the problems of vegetable quality decline, soil structure deterioration, continuous cropping obstacle aggravation, lower production efficiency and ambitus ecosystem pollution caused by excessive fertilization are widespread in vegetable parks. Soil testing for formulated fertilization is an effective solution to this problem, however, the technology of traditional soil testing for formulated fertilization is hardly available in the production of vegetable because of the great species and varieties of vegetables, the lesser cultivated area of each vegetable, the varied stubble types and so on. According to this situation, the experiment is proposed to explore a simple soil test and fertilizer technology based on improving nutrient utilization by increasing organic fertilizer application and enhancing the utilization ratio of soil nutrient by using integral control of water and fertilization. The preliminary idea of the method: the content of soil nutrient before fertilizing is determined and the need of application of fertilizer that adjusts soil nutrient to health value is calculated, at the same time the fertilizer requirement to form target yield of vegetable crops. The both combination is the required total fertilizer amount of the crop cultivation. Make the fertilization according to the calculated value. And the soil nutrient value is determined again after harvest. The crop correction of fertilization is calculated according to the differences of soil nutrient values before and after cultivition.This method just needs to determine the content of soil nutrient before fertilization and the others are calculation works. If proved to be workable, a fertilization list can be made rapidly for growers according to the crop to the cultivation of crops after receiving the soil sample within one week so that it will be easy to accepted by farmers. To verify the feasibility of our this method, this experiment was conducted in Yizheng city huimin vegetable cooperatives by using integral control of water and fertilization under tomato spring growing season in plastic shed as the main study object. The results were as follows.The tested soil effective nitrogen content was140.63mg/kg, the effective phosphorus content was14.72mg/kg, and the effective potassium content was121.81mg/kg before the plantation of tomato. It was assumed the content of the healthy soil effective nitrogen was200mg/kg, the effective phosphorus content was50mg/kg and the effective potassium content was50mg/kg. N5.62kg, P (in P2O5, similarly hereinafter)3.34kg, K (K2O meter, similarly hereinafter)2.67kg were needed to adjust the soil nutrient to health values per shed. Set the target yield was3500kg according to the result surveyed by Yizheng City Agriculture Commission, nitrogen15.76kg, phosphorus3.50kg, and potassium17.50kg were needed to achieve the target according to the rules of nutrient demand. Merging the above two, N24.67kg, P8.79kg, and K21.73kg were needed per mu to cultivate the crop tomato. According to the above calculation to apply fertilizer, the actual yield was3509kg per mu. The effective nitrogen content was126.21mg/kg, the effective phosphorus content was34.37mg/kg, the effective potassium content was105.79mg/kg in soils after harvest. The crop fertilization amount according to the different values of the soil nutrient content before and after planting crops. The correction was the after harvest than before planting in20cm top layer effective nutrient reduction. According to the calculation, N2.16kg and K2.04kg were increased and P2.95kg was decreased per mu in the next plantation of tomato.The survey results of Yizheng City Agriculture Committee showed, when ’jinpeng no.1’ was applied pig manure3000～4000kg, urea50～80kg and triple potassium sulfate50～80kg per mu, it yielded3500kg/mu under plastic channel in early spring. In this experiment, the tomato reached3509kg/mu when it was applied cow dung2717kg, soya bean cakes238kg, urea47.07kg and potassium sulfate25.19kg per mu. The preliminary datas suggested that fertilizer of unit use can be significantly reduced without reducing yields by using soil testing formula fertilization technology in the article.