Research On Ground Arthropod Community Structure Of Different Agricultural Landscape Ecosystems Of Fengqiu Farming Region, Henan Province

One of important grain production area in our country is in the Yellow River basin.In recentyears，in order to improve the food production farming area is increasing, chemical fertilizers，herbicides and pesticides are heavy used. the natural or semi-natural habitat suffered from humaninterference, which lead to a decline of ecosystem biodiversity in different types of landscape.Arthropod is an important part of landscape ecological system, Different ecosystem biodiversity inmaintaining the stability and security of its ecosystem services has the vital significance.Fengqiu Country belongs to Xinxiang Henan Province, close to the Yellow River, It has flattopography and abundant water, and is Suitable for food crops. So it belongs to the typicalagricultural landscape. Taking Fengqiu county as the study area, the work of arthropod samplingin ground surface in the field was done in three kinds of landscape ecological type(farmland,ditches and forest land)in the spring of2013.Researched the Species richness (S),the relativeabundance (Pi),individual number (N),species diversity index (H’) and evenness index (J) of threetypes of landscape ecological were statistics, and Investigating and discussing comprehensivelyarthropod’s community structure and species structure of five different functional groups (feeding,predatory graft, omnivorous, parasitic, rotting feeding) of the three types of landscape ecosystem(farmland (NT)ditches (GQ)and forestland (LD))in Fengqiu country By using variance analysisand correlation analysis are compared, and analyzing the dominant population and the commonpopulation of the three types of landscape ecological system, and analyzes the dominantpopulation in the three kinds of landscape ecological system and the common population. Thisstudy under the landscape scale, arthropods of ground surface of the three types of landscapeecological system (farmland (NT), ditches (GQ) and forestland (LD)) were surveyedsystematically.After investigation and analysis of the experiment, the results showed that:⑴This experiment records17663head of arthropod, they belong to3classes,18orders,65families, in which, arthropod who feed on plants have a total of11orders,30families, its dominantspecies are darkling armour, roll shell bug, gas limbs, etc; Predatory arthropods have a total of10 orders,30families, its dominant species are ant armour, etc; Omnivorous arthropod have a total of4orders,6families, Myrmicinae is dominant species; Parasitic arthropod have a total of110head,they are hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae is in the majority; Corrosion of predatory arthropod have atotal of1095head, they belong to2orders,5families, the number of Passalidae is the most.⑵Farmland, ditches, woodland three kinds of landscape ecosystem in the ground ofarthropod species richness of SGQ＞SLD＞SNT, abundance of NGQ＞NLD＞NNT. This consequencemay be due to farmland is affected by human disturbance. The intensity of artificial managementto farmland is more and more heavy for improve crop production, such as all kinds of chemicalfertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides were used; Less for artificial turn the soil and plant species offarmland. which decreased the number of arthropod species of ground surface. But to ditches andforest land, the accumulation of litter increased nutrients of the surface soil, so species richnessand abundance of arthropod of the soil surface is larger.⑶Farmland, ditches, woodland three kinds of landscape ecosystem in the ground ofarthropod according to the general characteristics, arthropods were divided into5trophic levels,Plant of predatory arthropod, Predatory arthropods, Omnivorous arthropod, Parasitic arthropod,Corrosion of predatory arthropod. The experiment results show that, for three types of landscapeecology, species richness and abundance of plant size of predatory arthropod are SGQ＞SLD＞SNT,NNT＞NGQ＞NLD. They are no difference（P＞0.05）.species richness of plant of predatoryarthropod of GQ is slightly higher than that of LD, and planting of predatory arthropod speciesabundance of farmland is very nearly the same with ditches, this Reason may be that managers inthe large amount of fertilizer in the farmland, soil nutrient content is relatively high, the activity ofarthropods is active, so the NT arthropods abundance and GQ arthropod many degrees weresimilar. species richness and abundance of Predatory arthropods are SGQ＞SLD＞SNTand NNT＞NLD＞NGQ, they have a significant difference（P＜0.05）.species richness and abundance ofOmnivorous arthropods are SGQ＞SLD＞SNTand NGQ＞NLD＞NNT, they have a significantdifference（P＜0.05）. species richness and abundance of Parasitic arthropod are SLD＞SNT＞SGQand NNT＞NLD＞NGQ, species richness and abundance of Corrosion of predatory arthropod are SGQ＞SNT≥SLDand NLD＞NGQ＞NNTthey has a significant difference（P＜0.05）, and abundance of Corrosion of predatory arthropod of GQ is significantly higher than that of GQ and NT.⑷The experimental results Show that: species diversity index of arthropod of the soilsurface H’GQ＞H’LD＞H’NT, evenness index JLD＞JGQ＞JNT. Ditches and forestland was lessaffected by human disturbance, and they have luxuriant vegetation In general, the higher habitat isdisturbanced by human, the lower the density and biodiversity of arthropods; the diversity ofarthropod community also gradually increase along with the increase of the vegetation.