Optimal Selection And Comprehensive Characteri Stics Evaluation Of Walnut (Juglans Regial.) In SH Angluo From Shaanxi Province

In the study, the germplasm resources of walnut were investigated in Shangluo, Shaanxi,including growing space, growing character，features of fruits, phenological period, andfructification states etc. According to this research, samples were obtained periodically fromthe growing space, moreover the interior characteristics (such as dried fruit loading and seedsloading), seed inclusions (crude fat and protein) were characterized, which were integratedwith two optimizing analysis methods (SPSS principal components analysis, correlationanalysis) to conduct comprehensive analysis and obtain the optimum walnut. Meanwhile,27excellent seedlings were selected to determine their economic value for commercializationand clustering analysis. Major results received were shown as follows:（1）There are abundant walnut resources in Shang Luo. As of the end of2013,261.3million mu have already planted for walnut, generating43500tons, valuing1.306billionyuan. The production of walnut in Shangluo accounts for overall yield of52.2%in ShaanxiProvince, which ranked first in Shaanxi and ranked fifth in China，respectively. There areforty-eight kinds of natural major Walnut found in Shangluo, containing twenty-sevenspecies planted widely, four species used as rootstocks, sixteen varieties introduced fromother provinces, seven varieties selected from domestic cities in Shaanxi. Currently, cltivarsincluding “Xiangling”,“Luguang”,“Liaohe”,“Zhonglin” were planted; cotton jen walnut,seedling trees are the types of light walnut, egg walnut with good quality, which were realpotential resources for optimizing.（2）In the eighty-two seleted plants with good performance in Shangluo, shell thicknessof walnut fruit were ranged from0.81mm to1.86mm in Shangluo; kernel rates werebetween41.5%and63.86%. Seeds can be readily removed from walnut fruit owning threetypes of colors (yellowish white, yellow, amber). The contents of crude fat were averaged at69.62%of walnut seeds; the weights of crude protein were averaged at15.66%in selectedseeds. More than85%of walnut fruit qualities were accessed as over the first grade.Accordingly, most of Shangluo walnut fruit can fetch a high price in the market.（3）Through the nuts characteristics analysis of eighty-two primary individuals,twenty-seven individuals were reseleted and used for comprehensive analysis of variance (SPSS principal component analysis, correlation analysis) to optimize and assess the best fivewalnut plus trees as shown below: ZS04(Libing Zhang in Zhashui), ZS01(Shenglai Hu inShanyang), SY02(Shuangquan Zhou in Luonan), LN01(Shuangquan Jiang in Luonan),LN04(Dingzhu Zhang in Luonan), respectively.（4）Every indicator in walnut corresponds to each other remarkably. There aresignificant positive correlations between most of the indicators. Three pairwise indicators ofwind dried fruit weight, kernel weight, and mean diameters showed a highly significantpositive correlation; furthermore the correlation coefficients are reactively high as well. Onthe other hand, there was a significant negative correlation between shell thickness and kernelrate; crude fat was negatively correlated with the means of three diameters and wassignificantly negatively correlated with crude protein. By contrast, there was a positivecorrelation between the wind dried fruit weight and crude protein which exhibits a significantpositive correlation with the means of three diameters. A regression analysis of the resultsobtained was in compliance with the correlation analysis.（5）Multiple regression analysis including the wind dried fruit weight and kernelweight (x1), three mean diameters (x2), shell thickness (x3) were elucidated as followingmultiple regression equation: y=1.51x1+0.004x2+2.166x3-0.707; besides kernel weight andwind dried fruit weight (x1), three mean diameters (x2), shell thickness (x3) were evaluated asthe following multiple regression equation: y=0.564x1+0.002x2-1.217x3+1.161. The resultsshowed that the wind dried fruit weight and kernel weight can be greatly explained betweeneach other, favoring the profound impact between the wind dried fruit weight and kernelweight.（6）Based on the fourteen indicators, twenty-seven walnut trees were re-selected via acluster analysis, twenty-seven excellent walnut trees were further dived into three categories:(1) Paper PiRen walnut;(2) High-fat and thin-shell walnut;(3) High-protein and large-fruitwalnut.