Studies On Inter-Species Hybridization Of Camellia Azalea And Genetic Trait Analysis Of Its F₁Hybrids

The studies were to select Camellia azalea Wei as a cross-parent to do the inter-species hybridizations with other species and cultivars of the Genus Camellia, to select super plants from the obtained hybrid seedlings, to analysis the genetic traits of the F1hybrids and to study the characteristics of blooming biology of C. azalea systematically. The main results were as the follows:C. azalea could bloom nearly whole year except for March. Its pistil was heteromorphic, style was2-4splits at the tip and they were equal or slightly longer than stamens in length. Anthers located on many different positions owing to differentiation of the stamens in a flower. Pistil structure was determining that C azalea was facultative different type. The best pollinating period on the stigma and the best pollen vigorous period were overlapped, but it was shortly overlapped with blooming period. The best pollination period were January, February, November and December respectively.The reciprocal crosses between C. azalea and some species in Section Camellia, Section Furfuracea, Section Protocamellia, Section Chrysantha, Section Tuberculata Section Paracamellia, Section Oleifera, Section Theopsis and Section Longipedicellata were done, which28cross-combinations were included,9,810flowers were pollinated and457hybrid capsules and874hybrid seeds were gotten. Comparing with cross-compatibilities, the best cross-compatibility with C. azalea was some species or cultivars in Section Camellia, better cross-compatibility was some species in Section Protocamellia, normal cross-compatibility was species in both Section Furfuracea and Section Tuberculata, unstable cross compatibility was appeared in some species of Section Chrysantha. It was usually incompatibility that C. azalea crossed with species of other Sections in the Genus Camellia.The traits of female parents were one of the major factors which influence germination rate of hybrid seeds. The germination rate when C. azalea as male parent was lower than the case of C. azalea as female parent. effect polygene which they are2pairs of red genes and1pair of non-red genes; Flower size and flower shape separated widely, the flower size of male parent has important effective to its offspring and double form of flowers was dominantly inherited to the single form; characteristics of leaf margins was changed with leaf age increased, which should be quantitative trait in genetic; Leaf color and the length and width ratio of leaf all tend to C. azalea; Blooming period was controlled by multiple genes which are accumulated with a certain constant among the polygenic and they are additive effective.Used the optimal standard of centesimal system record,5super individual plants which score was over85points were selected out from the C. azalea’s hybrids.