The Effects Of Sowing Methods And Fertilizer Rate On Growth Characteristics, Yield And Correlative Factors Of Wheat Xinong-979

The excellent breeds is precondition to obtain high yield of wheat, and the reasonable modes ofcultivation and management measures are necessary conditions to obtain high yield of wheat. Therefore,the exploration of the high-efficient and high-yield cultivation measures, is the great significance to obtainhigh yield. Through a lot of predecessors’ research contents and conclusions, the experiment study theinfluence of two sowing methods six fertilizer levels on agronomic traits, physiological and ecologicalcharacteristics, yield and its related factors, soil moisture dynamics and fertilizer utilization rate ofagronomy, in order to get the most suitable sowing methods fertilizer rate, to achieve good law and providescientific guidance for practical production, with the new varieties of wheat Xinong979. The main resultswere as follows:1. The dry matter mass showed a trend of firstly increases and then decreases in the whole wheat growthperiod, and reached the maximum at the heading stage. The dry matter of A1and A2is significant differentin elongation stage, heading stage and maturity. The dry matter mass of wheat firstly increased and thendecreased trend with the increase of fertilizer. The stem length of A2was significantly less than A1, andthe difference of the flag leaf area of flowering period, ear length, spike-layer and earring rate, whichshowed a trend of firstly increased and then decreased, with the increase of fertilizer rate.2. The root activity of A1and A2was significant difference at jointing stage. The wheat root activity firstlyincreased and then decreased trend, with the increase of fertilizer rate. The soil catalase activity showed atrend of increase first and then decrease, and reached the highest at heading stage from over-winteringstage to maturity of wheat. The soil urease activity firstly decreased and then increased, from wheatover-wintering stage to maturity, reached the lowest in heading period, and recovered during ripening stage.From heading stage to22days after anthesis, the canopy temperature of wheat firstly decreased and thenincreased, and reached the lowest in the flowering period. With the increase of fertilizer rate, the canopytemperature of wheat firstly decreased and then increased, which had significant difference at heading and7days after anthesis stage.3. The SPAD value of the flag leaf was slightly elevated trend from anthesis to15days after anthesis,started falling rapidly in15days after anthesis, and reached45in22days after anthesis. With the increaseof fertilizer rate, the SPAD value increased firstly and then decreased. The net photosynthetic rate of flagleaf was largest and decreased gradually with the increase of fertilizer rate at anthesis stage, and showed atrend of gradual decline with the increase of the days after flowering. The transpiration rate of flag leaffirstly increased and then decreased from flowering to22days after anthesis, reached maximum in7daysafter anthesis, and then began to decline.4. From7days after anthesis to24days, the soluble sugar content in flag leaf, closed to keep at a highlevel, and then decreased rapidly. With the increase of fertilizer rate, the soluble sugar content of flag leaf gradually declined in flowering period, and first increased and then decreased trend on the35days afteranthesis. During the process of after flowering, the sucrose content in flag leaf showed a trend of firstincrease after decrease, reached the highest in15days after flowering, and had reduced to0in35daysafter anthesis. With the increase of fertilizer rate, sugar content in flag leaf showed a trend of gradualdecline in7days after flowering.5. The ear numbers of A1and A2, had significant difference, and the spike grain number, grain quality andyield had no significant difference. With the increase of fertilizer rate, the wheat yield and its componentsfirst increased and then decreased, and had significant difference. The A1should use B3fertilizer level,and the A2should use B2, B3, B4, which had the highest yield. The correlation between panicle numbersand grain number per spike was significantly negative (r=0.709). The correlation coefficient of productionand thousand grain quality, panicle numbers, grains was0.571,0.202, and0.364, respectively.6. The agronomic utilization of N, P, K between A1and A2had no significant difference. With the increaseof fertilizer rate, the agronomic utilization of N, P, K had a trend of first increase and then decrease. Theagronomic utilization of N, P, K of B3, which was significantly higher than other fertilizer levels, was thebest fertilizer levels.7. In the growth periods of wheat, soil relative water content firstly decreased and then increased from0-200cm in soil depth. From the over-wintering stage to jointing stage, the wheat mainly used the soilmoisture from0-40cm. From jointing stage to heading stage, the wheat root started using deeper soilmoisture, especially the soil moisture from40-80cm, which decreased obviously.