Effect Of Fertilizer On Vine Growth And Berry Quality Of ’Fujiminori’ During Different Growth Stage

As there is no thorough research on the fertilizer demand rule ofgrapes during all development stages and annual period, precise controlof fertilizer and irrigation rate plays an important role on economicbenefits of grapes. The effects of different fertilizer amount duringdifferent developmental periods on grape growth and fruit quality werestudied in order to formulate better fertilizer formula for better fruitmanagement. In this study, experiments were conducted on the5-years-old Fujiminori grape vines from germination stage to the end offull bloom stage, during fruit enlargement stage, from veraison stage toharvest stage, from harvest stage to defoliation stage. Four treatments ofdifferent fertilizer treatment were set according to experimental designedproportion, with the same amount of fertilizer. I studied the effects offertilizer amount during different development stages on vegetative andfruit growth, fruit quality, mineral elements content of different organswith a view of developing special fertilizer for grapes.Below are concluded through these experimental researches: (1) The effects of fertilizer amount during different periods on thevegetative growth of Fujiminori grape vines: different proportions offertilizers were apllied during different development stages, whichcaused the periodic changes of vines growth are as followed: theperiodic increase of fertilizer amount led to the increase of plant growthindex (such as shoot length, main stem diameter, leaf area andchlorophyll content). During the germination stage before fruitenlargement stage, as the amount of fertilizers in treatment2iscomparatively more, the tree growth is better compared with othertreatments. Even the amount of fertilizer increased in later stage, the treegrowth of other treatments could not exceed that of treatment2. The treeshoot growth of all treatments ranked as followed: treatment2＞treatment4＞treatment3＞treatment1, while on the effects ofphotosynthesis rate during full-bloom stage, stomata conductance,change of transpiration rate, the four treatments ranked as followed:treatment2＞treatment1＞treatment3＞treatment4. TheIntercellular CO2concentration of all treatments ranked below:treatment4＞treatment3＞treatment1＞treatment2. It indicatedthat the increase of fertilizers amount was beneficial to the vegetativegrowth of tree and an appropriate proportion of fertilizers promotedsynthesis of tree photosynthesis.(2) The effects of fertilization on grape development and berry quality during different periods are showed as followed: during thegrowth period, berry diameter, berry weight, the consistent of theanthocyanins, total soluble solids revealed an increasing tendency. Due tothe differences of fertilizer amount during different periods, the periodicchanges are found in fruit development and berry quality among thetreatments, which also applied to the growth of the new shoots. In acertain range, when fertilizers increased, fruit growed rapidly. Since theberry is sensitive to the fertilizers amount, excessive or insufficientamount of fertilization hindered the growth of berry. The proper amountof fertilizers is significant. The change details among the treatments are:fruit diameter: treatment2> treatment1> treatment3> Treatment4;concentration of anthocyanin: treatment4> treatment1> treatment2>treatment3, Titratable acidity: treatment4> treatment3> treatment1>treatment2, the sugar acid ratio (TSS/TA): treatment4> treatment1>treatment2> treatment3. As for the berry quality, the4th treatmentshows the best effect among the others due to its appropriate proportionof fertilizers during the enlargement stage.Therefore, timely andappropriate fertilization based on tree growth needs could promote fruitdevelopment and improve the berry quality, especially during theenlargement stage.(3) The solid content in the leaf and berry are becoming increasingduring the growth period. In all the solid contend in leaf are higher than overall accumulation of the berry. At the mean time, the mineral contentshow the periodical change as the vine growth. Through the overallgrowth period, the nitrogen, phosphorus, copper show the decreased trend,while potassium, sulfur show decreased after first rise; The calcium,magnesium, manganese, zinc, sodium, sulfur increased with the increasedamount of fertilization. while the content of boron, zinc, manganese,copper, iron, sodium decreased when the amount of fertilization areexcessful or insufficient.In the berry, the amount of nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, sulphur,manganese, zinc and ferrum decreases, while the amount of phosphorusfirst decreases after first rise. The amount of potassium, boron andcuprum increases. As the fertilizing amount increases, the amount ofmineral elements in berry increases. Therefore, distributing fertilization inthe appropriate proportion is beneficial to the accumulation of mineralelements both in the leaves and fruits.In conclusion, the proportion of the fertilization of the trees shouldbase on the vine’s characteristics of different stages and its own growthdemand. Among the treamtments, the second treatment contributes a loton the tree growth while the fourth treatment does the best on the berryquality. Thus, in the pratical planting, the combination of combine bothfertilizer methods would be a better way. Before the blooming stage,increasing the amount of fertilizer, while during the berry enlargement stage, it should be on the appropriate proportion of the fertilizer and focuson the amount of potash fertilizer.