Effects Of Sowing Date On Summer Peanut Physiological Characteristics, Yield And Quality

This experiment was carried out in agronomy experimental station of Shandong Agricultural University in 2014. Under the condition of field cultivar, as test material in the selection of peanut varieties 365-1, studied the effects of sowing date on peanut physiological characteristics, yield and quality. The main research results were as follows:1. The effects of sowing date on summer peanut vegetative growth The main stem height and branch length of summer peanut became decreased with the sowing date postponed. At the same time, the amounts of dry matter accumulation and leaf area index were decressed. Film mulching cultivation promoted peanut vegetative growth, and could effectively alleviate the adverse of summer peanut, such as the short growth period. In conlusion that development of summer peanut, sowing earlier and mulching plastic film could ensure adequate vegetative growth after the previous crop.2. The effects of sowing date on summer peanut physiological characteristics In the each growth period, peanut leaf Chlorophyll content, Photosynthetic rate, Fv/Fm, ΦPSⅡ, the activity of NR, the protective enzyme activity and the root vigor were decreased with the sowing date postponed. Film mulching cultivation could effectively alleviate the adverse of summer peanut, such as the short growth period Film mulching cultivation could effectively alleviate the adverse of summer peanut, such as the short growth period, which laid physiological basis for peanut yield.3. The effects of sowing date on summer peanut yield and it is components Since June 5, the peanut pods yields were reduced with sowing date postponed, and the reduce margin would become larger to larger when the sowing date leter and later. The kernel rate was decreased with the sowing date postponed, while kg-number of pods and kg-number of kernels were increased. This show that the late time not only pods yields decreased, and pod low plumpness, commercial is poor. Film mulching cultivation increased summer peanut pods yields and kernel rate and could effectively alleviate the short growth period of summer peanut. Under the study experimental conditions, summer peanut were sowed the earlier the better from June 5. If previous crop(wheat) could be harvested before June 10, summer peanuts could be developed in the way of open field to sow early and reduce costs. From June 10 to 20, summer peanut must be sowed by method of mulching film. It should not plant summer peanut, if the previous crops could’t harvested before June 20.4. The effects of sowing date on summer peanut kernel quality The conent of fat and protein in summer peanut kernel were decreased and the conent of soluble was increased with sowing date postponed. The content of stearic, oleic, arachic and O/L were decreased, while the content of linoleic, arachidonic and behenolic were increased with sowing date postponed. Film mulching cultivation increased the fat and protein content but reduced the soluble sugar content of summer peanut.