Effects Of Sowing Date And Planting Density On Physiological Characteristics,Yield And Quality Of Summer-sowing Peanut

This experiment was carried out with big peanut varieties(lines) of 365-2 as experimental material to study the effects of sowing date and planting density on summer-sowing peanut physiological characteristics, yield and quality in agronomy experimental station of Shandong Agricultural University, physiology laboratory of crop yield from 2014 to 2015. The main research results were as follows:1.Since June 5, the results showed that main stem height, branch length, branch numbers,dry matter accumulation of root, stem, leaf and fruit were dropped with delay of the sowing date;the Photosynthetic rate, Chlorophyll content, ?PS?, LAI, root vigor, NRase activity descended with delay of the sowing date.Late sowing of summer-sowing peanut affected vegetative growth,dry matter accumulation and physiological characteristics.2.Since June 5,pod yield decreased with delay of the sowing date. The pod yield reached the highest at June 5, up to 4403.75kg·hm-2, and the pod yield reached the lowest in June 25, which was significantly lower 17.17% than that of June 5.The results showed that early sowing was the key to improve the pod yield of summer-sowing peanut, the earlier sowing date, the higher pod yield. Kernel yield and kernel rate were dropped with delay of the sowing date.Fat content, protein content, O/L decreased, and soluble sugar content increased with delay of the sowing date.3.Before June 15(T1, T2, T3),main stem height,branch length, the Photosynthetic rate and intercellular CO2 concentration increased when the planting density was below 10000 holes/mu, main stem height,branch length,branch numbers were dropped when the planting density was above 10000 holes/mu;after June 15(T4,T5),main stem height,branch length, the photosynthetic rate and intercellular CO2 concentration descended when the planting density was above 11000 holes/mu.The results showed that different sowing date with the best planting density was the best choice in order to improve vegetative growth of summer-sowing peanut.4.Before June 15(T1, T2, T3),Pods per plant, kernel yield, pod yield increased when the planting density was below 10000 holes/mu, kernel yield, pod yield decreased when the planting density was above 10000 holes/mu;after June 15(T4,T5), kernel yield, pod yield decreased when the planting density was above 11000 holes/mu. The results showed that different sowing date and planting density had significantly impact on yield,appropriate density should be adopted in different sowing date in order to increase production of summer-sowing peanut.The best planting density was 10000 holes/mu before June 15(T1, T2, T3),the best planting density was 11000 holes/mu after June 15(T4,T5).5.Before June 15(T1, T2, T3),the pod yield of open field cultivation and film mulching cultivation had little difference,so we could use open field cultivation;after June 15(T4,T5), film mulching had higher yield,so we must use film mulching cultivation.6.Fat content, protein content, soluble sugar content and O/L were not very different, the results showed that the effect of different density on the quality was not obvious of summer-sowing peanut.