Effects Of Sowing Date On Growth Characteristics,Yield And Quality Of Wheat-peanut Cropping System

This experiment was conducted in the Agricultural Experiment Station of Shandong Agricultural University from 2016 to 2017.In this research we carried out the effects of Sowing date on the Growth characteristics,yield and quality of Wheat-Peanut Cropping System with wheat variety of Jimai 22 and peanut variety of Shanhua 108.Four sowing dates were set up in May 15^th,May 20^th,May 25^thand May 30^th,compared with the summer seeding(June 11^st)and the summer sowing film(June 13^rd).The main results as following:1.Effect of sowing date on the phenological phase of wheat-peanut cropping systemThe different meteorological factors at different sowing dates are the main reasons for the differences in flower biological time.With the delay of childbearing process with the sowing date,the number of days of growth in the seedling,seedling,and flowering stages was significantly reduced,the number of days in the whole growth period gradually decreased,and the latest sowing date was reduced by 21 days from the earliest sowing date.Meteorological factors>10°C accumulated temperature,sunshine duration and precipitation all showed a gradual downward trend with the sowing date delayed,but the production period?scarring to maturity?of sunshine hours and>10°C accumulated temperature with the sowing date was delayed After the increase,the trend was lowered and the highest treatment was taken on May 25th.This indicated that the interplanting peanuts in the appropriate period could obtain higher accumulated temperature and hours of sunshine,which was conducive to the development and maturity of the pods;the interplanting of premature peanuts at the seedling stage resulted in a delay in the fertility process;summer live and summer live mulching treatments before fertility.The process was shortened by 11²1 days compared with wheat peanuts.This is the advantage of peanuts grown in direct summer,but the short period of yield formation and the poor fullness of mangoes limited the output of summer peanuts.2.Effect of sowing date on the reproductive characteristics of wheat-peanut cropping systemDuring the symbiotic period of wheat and peanut,the height of main stem and side branch of peanut were postponed with the delay of sowing date.The main stem of peanut interplanted before May 20 was more than 10 cm,forming the phenomenon of high foot seedlings;The stem height,lateral branch length,leaf area coefficient and dry matter accumulation showed a gradual upward trend with the sowing date.The performance was summer seed film>summer live>wheat set peanuts;after flower needle stage,the vegetative growth of wheat set peanuts accelerated.The traits and dry matter accumulation were the highest at the sowing date of May 25,which was significantly higher than that of the summer live and summer sowing film treatments,and the summer sowing mulching treatment had higher leaf area coefficient than the summer direct sowing,which increased the dry matter accumulation.3.Effect of sowing date on physiological characteristics of wheat-peanut cropping systemIn the pre-harvest period of peanut,the summer direct sowing and summer sowing film treatment can significantly increase the chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of peanut leaves,and the activities of nitrate reductase,antioxidative enzyme and root activity are higher than that of wheat.Peanuts can effectively promote the vegetative growth of peanuts.During the middle and late growth period,the physiological activity of peanut in wheat was significantly higher than that in summer and summer sowing.The treatment was the highest in the sowing date on May 25.It was shown that wheat peanuts could increase the physiological activity of peanuts in the middle and late growth stages,delay leaf senescence,extend the functional period of leaves,and increase the accumulation of photosynthetic products.4.Effect of sowing date on the yield and quality of wheat-peanut cropping systemWith the postponement of the sowing date,the yield of pods increased at first and then decreased.The output of peanuts during the sowing period on May 25 was the highest,which increased by 28.7%and 7.9 respectively over the dates of May 15,May 20,and May 30.%,9.9%;while the summer direct seed yield was the lowest.From the aspect of yield composition,with the delay of sowing date,the number of kilograms of fruit and kilograms of kernels increased significantly,and the rate of kernels decreased gradually.The number of single plants was the highest in the sowing date of May 25th.It shows that the intercropping can increase the yield and kernel yield of the mangosteen by increasing the number of results per plant and the rate of kerneling,decreasing the number of kilograms of fruit and the number of kilograms of kernels.Judging from the economic benefits,the comprehensive benefit of the sowing date on May 25 is the highest,and the comprehensive benefit of the sowing date and the summer live broadcast on May 15 is at the lowest value.There were significant differences in peanut quality at different sowing dates.With the delay of sowing date,the crude fat content and O/L ratio gradually decreased,and the protein content,sucrose and soluble sugar content gradually increased.Early sowing can increase the relative contents of oleic acid,stearic acid,and arachidic acid.The content of oleic acid,stearic acid,and arachidic acid is the highest.The content of linoleic acid,palmitic acid,arachidonic acid and maslinic acid can be increased by late sowing in summer.The content of direct processing was the highest,but there was no significant difference in the relative content of indole tetra-anoic acid.The total amino acid content was significantly increased with the sowing date,among which phenylalanine,leucine,lysine,aspartic acid,glutamic acid,serine and alanine were extremely different in different treatments.The highest total amino acid content is handled.Under the condition of double-high yield wheat fields,if adequate manpower and material resources are available,it is better to use wheat seed intercropping,and the best sowing date is May 25.In areas with high mechanization levels,live peanuts in summer should adopt film-covered cultivation and strive to Early sowing,appropriate increase in density and appropriate late harvest.