| Guanhuangbo, as a traditional Chinese medicine, is the dried bark of Phellodendron amurense Rupr.. Guanhuangbo mainly derives from wild P. amurense Rupr., which has reduced drastically because of the extensive deforestation, the deterioration of the ecological environment and the self-regeneration obstacle. Those lead to a sharp reduction and a serious shortage of wild resources lately. We analyze the regional chemical characterization of P. amurense Rupr. and then inquire the ecological factors of its formation, it has instructive significance of the resources conservation and artificial cultivation. In this study, we collected 31 sampling points, a total of 674 barks of wild P. amurense Rupr. and the corresponding 31 soil samples in Beijing and the northeast three provinces in the main distribution area of P. amurense Rupr., according to each latitude for the interval and controlling strictly collection site, collection season and acquisition period. We determinate the contents of 6 active components of Guanhuangbo samples, and the 10 inorganic elements content of soil and Guanhuangbo samples. We explicate the key ecological factors that affect the quality of Guanhuangbo basing on principles of statistics. In order to provide scientific theoretical basis for artificial planting division and diversity conservation of Phellodendron amurense Rupr..First, we established a HPLC method to determinate the contents of chlorogenic acid, phellodendrine, magnoflorine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine and berberine in 674 samples. The result showed that the average content of berberine chloride ranges from 0.50%-2.10%,0.19 mg/g-0.44 mg/g in palmatine chloride,0.68%-1.45% in magnoflorine,0.13%-0.49% in jatrorrhizine chloride and 0.10%-0.36% in chlorogenic acid. Most of active components had a large difference because the samples collected from different sampling points, while even can reach more than three times difference in contents. By analyzing provincial difference of active components, we found that the contents of Liaoning were higher, followed by Beijing and Jilin, Heilongjiang were lowest. We analyzed the mountains difference of active components and then found that the contents of Qian Mountain region were the highest, followed by Changbai Mountains and Yan Mountain region, Zhangguangcai Mountain region were lower, the lowest area of Lesser Khingan Mountains. Zhangguangcai Mountain and Lesser Khingan Mountains were clustered in the same clustering for the lower contents of active components by hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). On the other hand, Yan Mountain, Qian Mountain and Changbai Mountains were clustered in other clustering for the higher content. The result of HCA was basic coincident with the result of provincial difference analysis and mountains difference analysis.We obtain various origin data of meteorological factors by TCMGIS, and analyze the ten factors by principal components analysis (PCA) method, including active accumulate temperature, annual average air temperature, the minimum and average air temperature of January, the maximum and average air temperature of July, annual sunshine time, annual precipitation, annual relative humidity and elevation. Then we acquired three main facts which represented as heat factor, water and light factor, altitude factor respectively in ecology. The heat factor is the main factor that influences active components, and annual precipitation would affect the content of each active component, and there exists positive correlation between the formation of phellodendrine, berberine and the altitude factor. Through the weighting analysis of meteorological factors of 31 sampling point, we found that weighted score of meteorological factors of Liaoning, Beijing and Jilin is obviously higher than Heilongjiang, which indicated Qian Mountain, Changbai Mountains and Yan Mountain of Liaoning, Jilin and Beijing is more suitable for the growth of P. amurense Rupr. and the excellent quality of medicinal materials.We determined ten inorganic elements contents of 31 sampling points in medicinal materials and the corresponding soil samples by ICP-AES, including Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S and Zn. It shown that Ca, K, Mg, S, P and Na were higher content in medicinal materials. Guanhuangbo from different sampling points had similar peak of inorganic element fingerprint, which inorganic element content exhibited a regular wave distribution when they were ordered by atomic number. As the same time, the content of Fe, K, Na, Mg and Ca were higher in soil. The order of inorganic element content was a great difference. We acquired three main factors by PCA method which represented as photosynthetic factor, growth factor and adjustment factor respectively in physiology. According to the stepwise regression models, the five alkaloids were significantly negative correlation with growth factor which consisted of S, P and Mn. The result of HCA which used S, P and Mn as clustering variables was quite similar with the clustering result of six active components. The elements absorption characteristics of P. amurense Rupr. shown that the total variance of S was the largest, and there were four kinds of absorption phenomenon, including relatively depleted, basically flat, relative enrichment and strong enrichment in 31 sampling points. Further analysis revealed that the content of S was lower in soil while the content was higher in Guanhuangbo on the contrary; meanwhile the content of total alkaloid was relatively higher. On the other hand, the content of S in soil wad higher while the content was lower in Guanhuangbo conversely, meanwhile the content of total alkaloid was lower as well relatively. The content variation of total alkaloid was quite similar with the content of S in soil during the two different periods. |
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