| Since serious soil and water loss, henry chinkapin product had been inhibited to sustained development of Northern Fujian. How to reduce soil erosion, increase soil moisture, did not affect harvest, and improve the ecological environment of henry chinkapin were the primary task to Castanea henryi forest development. Application of super absorbent polymer materials (PAM) and planting moss could reduce runoff and sediment, which can be used as the control measure to reduce soil and water loss and increase infiltration. This paper investigated moss in Castanea Henryi Forest and took soil conditioner PAM and Hypoum plumcaforme as tested materials, the effects of three kinds of application on infiltration capacity, sediment production and sediment rate, and runoff and sediment mechanical composition, and PAM loss with runoff and sediment of Northern Fujian were conducted, and had the following results:1、Moss of Castanea Henryi Forest has obvious zonal distribution.The survey found 5 Family,6 Genus and 7 Species in Castanea Henryi. Campylopus ericoides and Pogonatum inflexum are distributed in each aspect.Pohlia clongata is the endemic species for east slope and west slope, and Ditrichum pallidum is the endemic in south slop.The dominant species in medium altitude are Hypoum plumcaforme and Pogonatum inflexum, and in higher altitude are Campylopus ericoides and Pogonatum fastigiatum.2、The moss of Castanea henryi forest has a strong water holding capacity, and the water capacity of undisturbed moss layer related to the soaking time in line with the equation of Wh=kLnt+a. Most of absorption is in front of 5 hours, and the water capacity accounting own weight of 500%. This three kinds of moss reached maximum water holding capacity after absorbing 12 hours,and agreed to the same equation.Absorption rate of Hypoum plumcaforme is higher than other two,and this three kinds of moss related to the soaking time in line with the equation of V=b0tb1.3、PAM and Moss application significantly decreased runoff. The runoff of different treatment increased with rainfall and rainfall intensity. The relationships between rainfall and runoff followed power function, and between rainfall intensity and runoff followed three times function respectively. There were no significant effects between runoff amount of slope orchard and the first three days’ runoff, rainfall interval. Among the precipitation factors, the greateat effects on the runoff amount is rainoff. The relationships between runoff and rainfall, rainfall intensity as follows:According to the three typical rainfall, moss treatment retain moisture more than other two. PAM and Moss mixed treatment increased runoff because of some obstruction between PAM and moss.4、PAM and Moss application significantly decreased erosion. The erosion amount of different application increased with rainfall and rainfall intensity, and the relationships followed linear function and power function, respectively. There were no significant effects between erosion amount and the first three days’ runoff, rainfall interval. In this precipitation factors, the greateat effects on the erosion is rainfall intensity. Relationships between erosion and rainfall, rainfall intensity as follows:According to the three typical rainfall, PAM treatment reduced sediment production much more. And moss treatment in slop decreased sediment rate much more than other two under long duration rainfall in slop.5、PAM and moss mixed treatment is the best way to prevent the loss of coarse particle. Rain type is the main factor in determining the composition of the sediment mechanical composition. There are significant differences under this three types:The main runoff and sediment mechanical composition are clay and silt under plun rain, and the percentage of sand obviously increased in shower and typhoon rain.6、The loss amount of PAM with runoff and sediment is negligible. At a concentration of 500mg·L-1, PAM has a maximum absorbance at 201nm wavelength, absorbance values satisfy the linear regression equation:A= 0.003c-0.016. More than 93.51% PAM adsorpted by soil or moss. Terrain and rainfall factors affect the loss amount of PAM:terrace’s loss is smaller than slop and the relationships of rainfall and rainfall intensity followed linear function, and the rainfall foator had the greateat effects on loss. Relationships between PAM loss amount and rainfall, rainfall intensity as follows:Terrace with PAM=0.886P-0.087E R2=0.684;Terrace with PAM and Moss=0.881P-0.096E R2=0.906;Slop with PAM=0.703P+0.010E R2=0.505;Slop with PAM and Moss=0.640P+0.176E R2=0.599. |
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