| Castanea henryi is an important woody grain tree in south of China. In production, Castanea henryi in pollen Xenia with obvious phenomenon and the characteristics of selfing seed setting rate is low, therefore, Castanea henryi need to configure the pollination. We research the Pollen Xenia phenomenon of Castanea henryi, to guide configuration pollination, using the cultivars Huali 1, Huali 2, Huali 3 and Huangzhen as materials. Twenty combinations of self-, cross-, and natural pollination were undertaken. The results of the research are as follows:1. Flowering biology and pollination biology characteristics. Male flowers of 4 varieties tested coated for four days to five days, female flowers flowering for 4 days, flowering period among different varieties, Huali 1 can be used as the pollination tree of Huali 2 and Huali 3, Huali 2 can be used as the pollination tree of Huali 1 and Huali 3, Huali 3 can only be used as the pollination of Huangzhen, Huangzhen can be used as the pollination tree of Huali 1, Huali 2 and Huali 3. Castanea henryi have a low germination rate, Huangzhen is lower and Huali 1 is higher, respectively are 24.83% and 42.02%, but the quantity of pollen are in more than 500000 of each varieties, make up for the deficiency of the pollen germination rate, and results showed that bract rates were between 60.23% and 83.33% of each varieties. The wind pollination is the main way of Castanea henryi, pollinating period duration 15 to 17 days, the main pollinating period duration 5 days, the wind can be spread as far as more than 30 m, he wind direction can also be spread to more than 10 meters.2. Xenia effect has a significant influence on fruit maturity and fruit of Castanea henryi. Early maturing varieties significantly bring forward the mature period of late maturing varieties. Relative to female parent, the outcross combinations can improve the bract rate and seed setting rate, Huali 3 pollination significantly increase the rate of the Huali 2 empty bract, increase 64.21%, selfing seed setting rate is low, Huali 1, Huali 2, Huali3 and Huangzhen selfing seed setting rate respectively 27.5%,12.43%,2% and 10.00%, Huangzhen pollination significantly increase the rate of the Huali 3 seed setting, increase 68.00%; Pollen Xenia have less effect on the seed rate.3. Xenia effect has a significant effect on fruit quality of Castanea henryi. In fruit phenotypic traits, Huali 1 pollination significantly increase the rate of the Huali 3 fruit weight, relative natural pollination increased 3.32g, Huali 2 and Huali 3 pollination have deepened the peel color of Huangzhen. In the aspect of fruit internal quality, effects of different types of soluble sugar pollination most significant, Huali 3 pollination significantly increase the rate of the Huali 1 soluble sugar, increase 3.23%, Huali 1 pollination significantly increase the rate of the Huali 2 protein, increase 0.64%, Huali 1 pollination significantly increase the rate of the Huali 2 amylose and vitamin C, increase 0.64%, respectively increase 3.78% and 61.62mg·kg-1, Pollen Xenia have less effect on the water content, fat and starch. In the aspect of mineral elements, Pollen Xenia have a significant impact on the iron, zinc, manganese content, Huali 2 pollination significantly increase the rate of the Huali 3 manganese, increase 44.05ug·g-J.4. Comprehensive analysis of fruit quality, the combination of Huali 1×Huali 3 has the best comprehensive quality. But the fruit quality and yield factors using whit the average subjection function method results that the combination of Huali 2 ×Huali 3 was the best choice. |
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