Research Of The Reduced Fertilization On Flue-cured Tobacco Production In Dali Prefecture

In order to release these problems such as resource waste, groundwater pollution, the decline ofyield and quality of tobacco leaves and reduced fertilizer efficiency that caused by unreasonablechemical fertilizer application, promoting the sustainable development of production of high-qualitytobacco leaves in Dali Prefecture. This experiment had a research on combination of chemical fertilizerreduction and disposable fertilization applied with bio-organic fertilizer and indigenous bacteriapropagation agents. The growth and development, pests and diseases incidence, economic benefits,quality of tobacco leaves, contribution rate of fertilizer, soil microbe quantity, soil nutrient balance andleaching were set as evaluation indexes. By evaluating comprehensively the influence of differentfertilization on the indexes, considering the local practical production and the long-term development offlue-cured tobacco production, we hope to preliminarily form a reduced fertilization which were helpfulfor tobacco production in Dali Prefecture.The main results are as follows:(1)The treatment of using equal quantities of bio-organic fertilizer to replace 30% amount ofchemical fertilizer would not reduce the production efficiency while improving the quality of tobaccoleaves to some extent.(2)The reduced fertilization with bio-organic fertilizer applied had a good performance onproduction and ecological benefits in tobacco production. The application of bio-organic fertilizer washelpful to raising the fertilizer contribution rate of yield and output value, improving the aroma quality,aftertaste and heteroaryl gas of tobacco leaves, promoting the proliferation of soil bacteria andactinomycetes; reducing the chemical fertilizer rate was more conducive to highlight the fen-flavor styleand quality grade of tobacco leaves; 70% conventional amounts of chemical fertilizer with bio-organicfertilizer applied significantly raised the output value and average price of tobacco leaves. Thetreatments of reducing 60% amounts of chemical fertilizer had significant adverse effects on outputvalue and average price of tobacco leaves. The agronomic traits, dry matter accumulation and nutrientabsorption dynamics were mainly related with fertilizer dosage.(3)The reduced fertilization applied with indigenous bacteria propagation agents had a goodperformance on production and ecological benefits in tobacco production. Compared with the localpractice fertilization, the flue-cured tobacco of conventional disposable fertilization grew relatively poorin the late growth season, and the chemical composition of middle leaves was less coordinated. Thetreatment of conventional disposable fertilization with indigenous bacteria propagation agent appliedcould significantly improve the output value, average price and quality of tobacco leaves, balance thesoil nutrient; the reduced ratio of 15% and 30% of reduced fertilization could both significantly raise thequality grade of tobacco leaves and the soil available phosphorus content, reduce significantly soilavailable nitrogen content, the treatment of 30% fertilizer amount reduced can also significantly reducethe incidence of black shank in the vigorous growth period. The treatment of 45% fertilizer amountreduced performed significantly worse on agronomic trait and yield, output value and average price oftobacco leaves, the chemical composition was less coordinated, soil available nitrogen and potassiumwere significantly reduced, but it can significantly reduce the incidence of black shank in the vigorousgrowth period.(4)Indoor leaching experiment results showed that, indigenous bacteria propagation agents couldsignificantly reduce soil phosphorus and potassium leaching when applied into soil alone, combinedapplication of indigenous bacteria propagation agents and chemical fertilizer could significantly reducesoil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium leaching amount; the leaching amount of soilphosphorus could be reduced significantly when applied bio-organic fertilizer alone, combinedapplication of bio-organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer could significantly reduced soil nitratenitrogen and phosphorus leaching amount, while increasing the risk of leaching of soil potassium, butthe potassium leaching of these treatments which reduced chemical fertilizer amount would not exceedthe conventional fertilization.The experiment results above showed that, it was feasible to reduce the amount of chemicalfertilizer and combined with one-time fertilization with the application of bio-organic fertilizer andindigenous bacteria propagation agent in tobacco production in Dali, and the appropriate reducingproportion was 30%.