Ultrastructure On The Cephalic Appeendages Sensorial Of Three Kinds Of Carabus

The insects of predatory(Carabidae,Carabus)are widely distributed with significant protective value.They play an important role in ecosystem, especially in food chain which is widely used as indicator of biodiversity research.lt is significant to study the external shap,ultrastructure and feature of sensilum on the head of carabus insects which gain us a better understanding of carabus and evolution of insect sensillia.In this study, the sensillia on the head of Carabus casaleianus, Carabus lafossei,Carabus elysii of 3 kinds of carabus insects are observed and the numbers, distribution and functions of sensillia are deeply explored by using optical microscope and scanning electron microscope technology.The main findings are as follows:(1) Three kinds of Carabus(Carabus casaleianus, Carabus lafossei, Carabus elysii) have 8 kinds of sensor types, a total of 13 kinds of sensilla ofcephalic appendages:including Sensilla chaetica 3 species, Sensilla trichodea 3 species, Sensilla basiconca 2 species, Bohm bristles, Sensilla coeloconica, Sensilla cavity, Sensilla placodea and Sensilla campaniformia.(2) Three kinds of Carabus (Carabus casaleianus, Carabus lafossei, Carabus elysii) have 7 kinds of sensor types, a total of 12 kinds of sensilla of adult antennae: three kinds S.Ch, three kinds S.T, two kinds S.B, B.B, S.Co, S.Ca and S.Cam.Within species the sensor type and distribution pattern are similar, but the number of sensor is different. On the number of sensors, C. casaleianus, C. lafossei,C. elysii is not the same as the number of sensors on the antennae of female,male,dorsal and ventral.Interspecific sensilla types are similar, but the distribution and number of sensors are different. As follows, The number of S.Ch.2 has been an upward trend number of C. elysii flagella, but there is a maximum number of peaks in flagella 3,4 section of C. casaleianus and C. lafossei; The number of S.T.3 of C. lafosseistep to pull in the flagella 9,but C. casaleianus and C. elysii is increased; The number of S.B.2 of C elysii on the flagella than C. casaleianus and C. lafossei much higher; The number of S.Co of C. elysii has a high peak in the flagella 9,but C. casaleianus and C. lafossei volatility is not obvious;The number of S.Caof C. casaleianus than C. lafossei and C. elysii a lot more; The number of S.Cam in three kinds of carabid insects is small,and distributed random.(3) Three kinds of Carabus has 6 kinds of sensor types, a total of 6 kinds of sensilla oflabial palp and maxillary palpi:one kind S.Ch, one kind S.B、B.B、S.Ca、 S.P and S.Cam.Within species the sensor type and distribution pattern is similar, but the number of sensor differences.On the labial palp,the total number of sensillum on female C. casaleianus significantly more than male.C. lafossei shows no obvious difference.The total number of sensillum on male C. elysii is significantly larger than female.On the maxillary palpi, the total number of sensillum on female C. casaleianus is significantly larger than male.The total number of sensillum on male C. lafossei is significantly larger than female.C. elysii shows no obvious difference.Interspecific distribution is similar, but the sensilla types and number of sensors are different. As follows, C. casaleianus has 5 kinds of sensor types on the labial palp, including B.B、S.B、S.Gh、S.P and S.Cam. C. lafossei has 6 kinds of sensor types,including B.B、S.B、S.Ch、S.P、S.Cam and S.Ca. C. elysiihas 4 kinds of sensor types,including B.B、S.B、S.Ch and S.Cam. On the maxillary palpi,C. casaleianus has 3 kinds of sensor types, including B.B、S.B、S.Ch、S.P and S.Cam. C. lafossei has 4 kinds of sensor types,including S.B、S.P、S.Cam and S.Ca. C. elysiihas 4 kinds of sensor types,including S.B、S.P、S.Cam and S.Ca.The S.Ca of C. lafossei have found in the section 2,3,4 and C. elysii have found in the section 4.Biggest total number of sensillum appear on the C. lafossei.The results show that the sensor type and distribution pattern of C. casaleianus, C. lafossei and C. elysii are similar. Similarity of structure and distribution indicate that their feeding habits and lifestyle share a certain similarity. Although the appearance of three kinds of Carabus are the same, ther are obvious differences in the number,partsensilla type and distribution.Issues like the relation between their living environment and the differences, and whether such differences could be regarded as a basis for interspecificneed to be studied in further research.