Study On The Characteristics Of Growth And Nutrient Accumulation Of Different Peanut Varieties

Hebei is one of the main provinces for peanut production in China, while the lack of dominant varieties has become a serious impediment to development of peanut industry. In this paper, two field experiments were conducted to study the characteristics of growth and nutrient accumulation of different peanut varieties in Baoding city and Shenzhou county of Hengshui city, the main regions of growing middle- and lower-yielding peanut. The objective was to provide the scientific basis for the selection of high-quality variety and rational fertilization. The main results were as follows:1. The growth characteristics of peanut showed that, the fast accumulation period of fresh and dry biomass of peanut appeared 44d~50d and 61d~66d, and the maximal accumulation rate appeared 70 d and 80 d after sowing, respectively. The fresh and dry biomass of peanut were mainly concentrated in the pods and stem-leaf. Before podding stage, 68.6%~75.6% of total amount of dry matter was mainly accumulated in the stem-leaf. After then, the dry matter in the pod gradually increased and its proportion reached 37.6%~49.8% in the maturing period.2. The cluster analysis based on peanut yield showed that the 9 peanut varieties were classified into 3 types including high-, middle- and low-level of production. The average yield of the high-level varieties was higher by 16.3% and 52.4% than that of the middleand low-level variety, respectively, and the maximal-accumulation rate of fresh and dry matter was higher by15.4% ~ 19.1% and 24.2% ~ 45.3%, 21.5% ~ 45.3% and 37.9% ~ 72.8% than that of the two latters, respectively. Moreover, the dry matter accumulation of high-yield varieties increased gradually during the growth period, but that of low-yield varieties slowed significantly in later period.3. The cluster analysis based on N(P or K) production efficiency of dry matter showed that the 9 peanut varieties were classified into 3 types of high-, middle-, and low-efficiency. At maturity of peanut, the accumulation rate of N, P and K in the high-efficiency type was higher by 26.9%~49.8%, 37.4%~38.3% and 23.2%~27.6% than that in the low-efficiency type. The fast accumulation of N, P and K nutrients appeared at podding stage, and the maximum accumulated amount appeared at maturity. N was the maximal element accumulated by peanut, followed by K and P.4. The nutrient distribution characteristics showed that N, P and K accumulated by peanut mainly transferred from stem-leaf to pod with the peanut growing. At maturity, the proportions of N, P and K were 30%~34%, 21%~26%, and 62%~68% in stem-leaf, 54%~60%, 60%~62% and 21%~28% in the pod, 3%~5%, 8%~13% and 3%~13% in the root, and 5%~7%, 4%~6% and 4%~7% in peanut shells, respectively.5. The comprehensive analysis on the characteristics of growth and nutrients accumulation showed that, Yuhua 9236 and Yuhua 9719 were the high-yield and high-nutrient efficiency varieties, and their highest yield could reach above 6600 kg/hm2. The varieties with higher-yield and high-nutrient efficiency included Yuhua 15 and Kainong49, yields of which could reach 6400 ~ 6600 kg/hm2. The varieties with medium-yield and medium-nutrient efficiency included Puhua 28, Weihua 10, Jihua 0212-4 and Shanhua 9, yields of which could reach 5300 ~ 6400 kg/hm2. Xianghua 2008 belonged to low-yield and low-nutrient efficiency peanut variety, which could reach below 5300 kg/hm2.